Nokea
In order to delay the progression of CKD, the single most important intervention is:
- A. Prescription of an ACE or ARB
- B. Reducing dietary sodium
- C. Increasing physical activity
- D. Achieving good blood pressure control
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: CKD's brake BP control tops ACEs, salt cuts, or workouts, slashing glomeruli strain, a chronic slowdown king. Nurses prioritize this, a pressure-driven win.
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Which of these does not need treatment of the sexual partner?
- A. trichomonas vaginalis
- B. bacterial vaginosis
- C. candida
- D. chlamydia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: BV vaginal flora shift, not partner-fed; trich, chlamydia, gonorrhea, candida swap. Nurses skip this chronic duo fix.
What is an implementation intention?
- A. The decision of an organisation to implement a specific method or intervention
- B. A concrete plan to show particular behaviour in specific situations
- C. A well-considered idea of how a person can handle a relapse or difficult situations
- D. The intention to live healthier in all important areas of life
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Implementation intention specific act, set scene, not org moves, relapse plans, or vague health kicks. Nurses cue this, a chronic action lock.
The nurse is caring for a patient with an advanced stage of breast cancer and the patient has recently learned that her cancer has metastasized. The nurse enters the room and finds the patient struggling to breathe and the nurse's rapid assessment reveals that the patient's jugular veins are distended. The nurse should suspect the development of what oncologic emergency?
- A. Increased intracranial pressure
- B. Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS)
- C. Spinal cord compression
- D. Metastatic tumor of the neck
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dyspnea plus distended jugulars scream SVCS breast cancer's mets can squeeze the vena cava, blocking venous return from the head and chest. It's an oncology emergency, fast-tracking to edema and airway issues if unchecked. Intracranial pressure needs brain involvement less likely here. Spinal compression hits legs and bladder, not breathing. Neck tumors might press locally, but SVCS fits this picture. Nurses jump on this, pushing for steroids or stenting, knowing seconds count.
With regards to metabolic and bariatric surgery performed in East Asia, which ONE of the following is most commonly performed?
- A. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB)
- B. Adjustable gastric banding (AGB)
- C. Mini-gastric bypass
- D. Sleeve gastrectomy (SG)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In East Asia, sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has emerged as the most common bariatric surgery, surpassing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and adjustable gastric banding (AGB), per regional data and trends. SG's popularity stems from its technical simplicity, lower complication rates, and effectiveness in weight loss and metabolic improvement, appealing in populations with lower average BMI but high visceral fat, like Asians. RYGB, while effective, is less favored due to complexity and malabsorption risks. AGB has declined globally due to less sustained outcomes. Mini-gastric bypass is rising but not dominant. SG's prominence reflects practical and cultural fit, informing physicians on regional preferences for obesity management.
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? The treatment of diabetes in traditional Chinese medicine involves
- A. Formula for Diabetes (Xiaoke Fang) for the Upper Type: Heat in the Lung which consumes Body Fluid
- B. Jade Maid Decoction (Yunu Jiang) for the Middle Type: excessive Heat in the Stomach
- C. Six Ingredients Rehmannia Pill (Liuwei Dihuang Wan) for the Lower Type: excessive of Kidney Yin and excessive of Yin and Yang
- D. Yam (Dioscorea opposita)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Traditional Chinese diabetes care Upper, Middle, Lower types nails Lung heat, Stomach fire, but Kidney's Yin deficiency, not excess Yin-Yang, flops. Xiaoke Fang, Yunu Jiang fit; Liuwei Dihuang Wan balances, doesn't overdo; yam's a lone root, not typed. Clinicians spot this, a chronic TCM misstep.