Nokea
In order to reduce cardiovascular, renal and all-cause mortality, the American Heart Association (AHA) and the American College of Cardiology (ACC) has set the definition of hypertension as a BP of X in 2017. What is X?
- A. 120/70 mmHg
- B. 125/75 mmHg
- C. 130/80 mmHg
- D. 135/85 mmHg
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypertension's threshold shifted in 2017 when the AHA and ACC pegged it at 130/80 mmHg, aiming to catch cardiovascular and renal risks earlier, slashing mortality via tighter control. Lower cutoffs like 120/70 or 125/75 flag normal or elevated, not yet disease. Higher ones 135/85 or 140/90 stick to older, laxer standards, missing early intervention's benefit. This pivot reflects evidence tying 130/80 to doubled event risk versus <120, pushing clinicians to act sooner with lifestyle or meds, a proactive stance in chronic disease's long game.
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A widowed mother of four school-age children is hospitalized with metastatic ovarian cancer. The patient is crying and tells the nurse that she does not know what will happen to her children when she dies. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
- A. Don't you have any friends that will raise the children for you?'
- B. Would you like to talk about options for the care of your children?'
- C. For now you need to concentrate on getting well and not worrying about your children.'
- D. Many patients with cancer live for a long time, so there is time to plan for your children.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metastatic ovarian cancer's end-stage she's scared for her kids. Asking about options opens a lifeline, validating her fear without shutting it down. Friends assumes too much; get well' dodges reality; long time' sugarcoats. Nurses in oncology lean in here listening, planning ease her burden, a human touch amid grim odds.
What is the highest likelihood that a doctor acquires HIV from a needlestick injury from an HIV pt?
- A. 0.30%
- B. 2%
- C. 5%
- D. 10%
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: HIV needlestick 0.3% odds, not 2-30's wild leaps. Nurses glove up, a chronic prick stat.
You are caring for a patient who has just been told that her stage IV colon cancer has recurred and metastasized to the liver. The oncologist offers the patient the option of surgery to treat the progression of this disease. What type of surgery does the oncologist offer?
- A. Palliative
- B. Reconstructive
- C. Salvage
- D. Prophylactic
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Stage IV colon cancer with liver mets is endgame surgery here's palliative, easing pain, obstruction, or bleeding, not curing. Reconstructive fixes form post-cure, irrelevant now. Salvage hits recurrence after lighter tries, not this late stage. Prophylactic's preemptive, not reactive. Palliative's about comfort, aligning with oncology's shift to quality of life when cure's off the table, a tough but real talk nurses navigate.
The school nurse is teaching a nutrition class in the local high school. One student states that he has heard that certain foods can increase the incidence of cancer. The nurse responds, 'Research has shown that certain foods indeed appear to increase the risk of cancer.' Which of the following menu selections would be the best choice for potentially reducing the risks of cancer?
- A. Smoked salmon and green beans
- B. Pork chops and fried green tomatoes
- C. Baked apricot chicken and steamed broccoli
- D. Liver, onions, and steamed peas
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diet plays a big role in cancer risk. Fruits and veggies, like apricots and broccoli, pack antioxidants (vitamins C, E, carotenoids) that combat oxidative stress and inflammation key cancer drivers. Steaming preserves nutrients, unlike frying, which adds carcinogens (e.g., acrylamide in fried tomatoes). Smoked salmon's salt-curing introduces nitrates, linked to colorectal cancer. Pork chops, a red meat, carry heme iron and saturated fats, boosting risk when cooked at high heat. Liver's high in nutrients but also iron, which in excess may promote cancer. Baked apricot chicken with steamed broccoli sidesteps these pitfalls, offering fiber and phytochemicals that may inhibit tumor growth, making it the nurse's top pick for cancer-preventive eating in teens.
The nurse receives an order to infuse heparin 1200 units/hr IV. The IV bag contains 25,000 units heparin in 500 mL D5W. Calculate the IV rate in mL/hr.
- A. 20
- B. 24
- C. 28
- D. 30
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Heparin's drip: 1200 units/hr from 25,000 units in 500 mL 500 ÷ 25,000 = 0.02 mL/unit, times 1200 = 24 mL/hr, a nurse's calc to thin blood right. Off numbers (20, 28, 30) skew dosing. Precision keeps clots at bay, a steady flow in this IV dance.