Gastrointestinal Diseases NCLEX Review Questions

Gastrointestinal Diseases NCLEX Review Questions Related

Review Gastrointestinal Diseases NCLEX Review Questions related questions and content

In planning a treatment and prevention program of chronic fecal incontinence for an elderly client, which intervention should you try first?

  • A. Administer a glycerin suppository 15 minutes before evacuation time.
  • B. Insert a rectal tube at specified intervals each day.
  • C. Assist the client to the bedpan or toilet 30 minutes after meals.
  • D. Use incontinence briefs or adult-sized diapers.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Assist the client to the bedpan or toilet 30 minutes after meals. This intervention is appropriate as it aligns with the natural physiological process of bowel movements after meals, increasing the likelihood of successful evacuation. This timing can help establish a routine and promote regular bowel movements, potentially reducing episodes of fecal incontinence.

Choice A is incorrect because administering a glycerin suppository may not address the underlying cause of fecal incontinence and may not promote regular bowel movements. Choice B is incorrect as inserting a rectal tube is an invasive intervention that should only be considered after less invasive methods have been exhausted. Choice D is incorrect as using incontinence briefs or adult-sized diapers only manages the symptoms without addressing the root cause or promoting bowel regularity.

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What should the nurse plan to teach about to a patient with Crohn's disease who has megaloblastic anemia?

  • A. Iron dextran infusions
  • B. Oral ferrous sulfate tablets
  • C. Routine blood transfusions
  • D. Cobalamin (B ) supplements
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cobalamin (B ) supplements. Patients with Crohn's disease often have malabsorption issues leading to megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency. Cobalamin supplements are essential for treating such anemia. Iron dextran infusions (A) and oral ferrous sulfate tablets (B) are used to treat iron deficiency anemia, not megaloblastic anemia. Routine blood transfusions (C) do not address the underlying cause of megaloblastic anemia in Crohn's disease.

Which phase of deglutition involves contraction of the longitudinal muscle layer of the muscularis?

  • A. voluntary phase
  • B. buccal phase
  • C. pharyngeal phase
  • D. esophageal phase
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: esophageal phase. During the esophageal phase of deglutition, the longitudinal muscle layer of the muscularis contracts to help propel the bolus of food downwards towards the stomach. This contraction occurs in a coordinated manner to create peristaltic waves that push the food along the esophagus. In contrast, the voluntary phase (A) involves the conscious initiation of swallowing, the buccal phase (B) involves the tongue pushing the bolus towards the pharynx, and the pharyngeal phase (C) involves the initiation of the swallowing reflex and closure of the airway to prevent aspiration.

The pancreas produces all of the following except which one?

  • A. amylase
  • B. lipase
  • C. insulin
  • D. bile
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: bile. The pancreas produces digestive enzymes such as amylase and lipase to break down carbohydrates and fats. It also produces insulin to regulate blood sugar levels. Bile, however, is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, not by the pancreas. Therefore, the pancreas does not produce bile. This makes option D the correct answer.

The alkaline tide occurs when _____ is excreted into the urine.

  • A. HCl
  • B. H+
  • C. bicarbonate ions
  • D. phosphate ions
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: bicarbonate ions. During the alkaline tide, the stomach secretes hydrochloric acid (HCl) to aid digestion, which leads to an increase in bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) in the blood to maintain pH balance. These excess bicarbonate ions are then excreted into the urine, resulting in an alkaline pH. Choice A (HCl) is incorrect because HCl is not excreted into the urine during the alkaline tide. Choice B (H+) is incorrect as it does not directly relate to the process of the alkaline tide. Choice D (phosphate ions) is incorrect as they are not the primary ions excreted to produce an alkaline urine during the alkaline tide.

Which of these digestive processes occurs in the mouth?

  • A. chemical digestion of proteins
  • B. mechanical digestion of food
  • C. chemical digestion of starch
  • D. all of the above
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: chemical digestion of starch. In the mouth, salivary glands secrete enzymes like amylase to break down starch into simpler sugars. This process initiates the digestion of carbohydrates. Mechanical digestion (Choice B) occurs in the mouth through chewing and mixing food with saliva, but it does not involve chemical breakdown. Chemical digestion of proteins (Choice A) primarily occurs in the stomach and small intestine with the help of enzymes like pepsin and trypsin. Choice D is incorrect because not all the processes listed occur in the mouth.

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