Nokea
In planning care for the patient with bronchiectasis, which nursing intervention should the nurse include?
- A. Relieve or reduce pain
- B. Prevent paroxysmal coughing
- C. Prevent spread of the disease to others
- D. Promote drainage and removal of mucus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In planning care for the patient with bronchiectasis, the nurse should include promoting drainage and removal of mucus to prevent further complications and improve respiratory function.
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What is heart failure?
- A. A sudden stoppage of the heart
- B. Inability of the heart to pump blood effectively
- C. Accumulation of excess cholesterol in the arteries
- D. Irregular heartbeat
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Inability of the heart to pump blood effectively. Heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently to meet the body's needs. This can lead to symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and fluid retention.
Explanation:
1. Heart failure is a chronic condition that develops over time due to various factors such as high blood pressure, heart attacks, or heart muscle damage.
2. The inability of the heart to pump blood effectively results in reduced blood flow to the body's organs and tissues.
3. This can lead to a buildup of fluid in the lungs and other parts of the body, causing symptoms like shortness of breath and swelling.
4. A sudden stoppage of the heart (Choice A) would result in cardiac arrest, not heart failure.
5. Accumulation of excess cholesterol in the arteries (Choice C) refers to atherosclerosis, not heart failure.
6. An irregular heartbeat (Choice D) may be a symptom
Henry's law states that
- A. gas volume and temperature are directly proportional
- B. gas volume and pressure are inversely proportional
- C. the volume of gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the solubility of the gas and the gas pressure
- D. in a mixture of gases such as air
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Henry's law states that the volume of gas dissolved in a solvent is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the solvent. This means that as the gas pressure increases, more gas will dissolve in the solvent. Choice C correctly describes this relationship between gas pressure and gas solubility in a solvent. Choices A and B are not related to Henry's law. Choice D is incomplete and does not provide any relevant information about Henry's law.
While changing the tapes on a tracheostomy tube, the male client coughs and the tube is dislodged. The initial nursing action is to:
- A. Call the physician to reinsert the tube.
- B. Grasp the retention sutures to spread the opening.
- C. Call the respiratory therapy department to reinsert the tracheotomy.
- D. Cover the tracheostomy site with a sterile dressing to prevent infection.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct initial nursing action is to choose option B: Grasp the retention sutures to spread the opening. This is because spreading the opening using the retention sutures can help maintain the airway patency until the tube is reinserted. Calling the physician (option A) or respiratory therapy department (option C) may cause delays in addressing the immediate airway obstruction. Covering the tracheostomy site with a sterile dressing (option D) does not address the primary concern of maintaining the airway. Therefore, option B is the most appropriate and effective action to take in this situation.
Which statement is NOT true?
- A. Carbon dioxide is more soluble in fluid than in oxygen.
- B. Carbon dioxide diffuses more rapidly across the respiratory surface than does oxygen.
- C. The major muscle involved in breathing is the diaphragm.
- D. Oxygen is carried primarily by blood plasma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Oxygen is primarily carried by hemoglobin in red blood cells, not blood plasma. Hemoglobin binds to oxygen, forming oxyhemoglobin for transport. Option A is false because oxygen is more soluble in fluid than carbon dioxide. Option B is incorrect as oxygen diffuses slower than carbon dioxide due to its larger molecular size. Option C is true as the diaphragm is the main muscle involved in breathing, contracting to expand the lungs during inhalation.
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the inspired and expired air respectively
- A. 0.3 and 40 mm Hg
- B. 0.3 and 32 mm Hg
- C. 40 and 46 mm Hg
- D. 40 and 0.3 mm Hg
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in inspired air is around 0.3 mm Hg as it is very low in atmospheric air. During expiration, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide increases to around 40 mm Hg due to its exchange in the lungs. This makes option A the correct answer. Option B is incorrect because the partial pressure of CO2 in expired air is not 32 mm Hg. Option C is incorrect as 40 mm Hg is the partial pressure in expired air, not inspired air. Option D is incorrect because 0.3 mm Hg is the partial pressure in inspired air, not expired air.