Nokea
The clinic nurse is caring for a patient who has been diagnosed with emphysema and who has just had a pulmonary function test (PFT) ordered. The patient asks, 'What exactly is this test for?' What would be the nurse's best response?
- A. A PFT measures how much air moves in and out of your lungs when you breathe.
- B. A PFT measures how much energy you get from the oxygen you breathe.
- C. A PFT measures how elastic your lungs are.
- D. A PFT measures whether oxygen and carbon dioxide move between your lungs and your blood.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because a pulmonary function test (PFT) measures lung function by assessing how much air moves in and out of the lungs when breathing. This test helps diagnose conditions like emphysema by evaluating lung capacity and air flow. Choice B is incorrect because PFTs do not measure energy obtained from oxygen, but rather focus on lung function. Choice C is incorrect as PFTs do not specifically measure lung elasticity. Choice D is incorrect because PFTs primarily assess air movement in the lungs, not the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood.
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Which of the following does the examiner note when auscultating the lungs of a client with pleural effusion?
- A. Pronounced breath sounds
- B. Friction rub
- C. Expiratory wheezes
- D. Fluid in the involved area
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Fluid in the pleural space muffles breath sounds and may be noted during auscultation. A (pronounced breath sounds) is incorrect as they are diminished in pleural effusion. B (friction rub) occurs in pleuritis, not effusion. C (expiratory wheezes) indicates airway obstruction, not fluid accumulation.
A nurse obtains the health history of a client who is recently diagnosed with lung cancer and identifies that the client has a 60 pack-year smoking history. Which action is most important for the nurse to take when interviewing this client?
- A. Tell the client that he needs to quit smoking to stop further cancer development.
- B. Encourage the client to be completely honest about both tobacco and marijuana use.
- C. Maintain a nonjudgmental attitude to avoid causing the client to feel guilty.
- D. Avoid giving the client false hope regarding cancer treatment and prognosis.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
C is correct as maintaining a nonjudgmental attitude is crucial to establish trust and rapport with the client. It helps the client feel comfortable sharing information, leading to better assessment and care. A is incorrect as quitting smoking may not be the immediate priority. B is incorrect as honesty about marijuana use is not the primary concern. D is incorrect as it does not address the importance of establishing a therapeutic relationship.
The impulse for voluntary muscles for forced breathing starts in
- A. Medulla ( pons )
- B. Vagus nerve
- C. Cerebral hemispheres
- D. Spinal cord
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Medulla (pons). The medulla, located in the brainstem, controls involuntary functions like breathing. Specifically, the medulla contains the respiratory center, which regulates breathing rhythm and depth. During forced breathing, the medulla sends impulses to the voluntary muscles involved in breathing, such as the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. The pons, which is closely connected to the medulla, assists in regulating breathing patterns. The vagus nerve (B) is responsible for parasympathetic functions, not voluntary breathing. The cerebral hemispheres (C) are primarily involved in higher brain functions, not breathing regulation. The spinal cord (D) plays a role in transmitting signals between the brain and muscles but does not initiate voluntary breathing impulses.
In planning care for the patient with bronchiectasis, which nursing intervention should the nurse include?
- A. Relieve or reduce pain
- B. Prevent paroxysmal coughing
- C. Prevent spread of the disease to others
- D. Promote drainage and removal of mucus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In planning care for the patient with bronchiectasis, the nurse should include promoting drainage and removal of mucus to prevent further complications and improve respiratory function.
Which area represents the work to overcome airway resistance?
- A. ABCEA
- B. ABCFA
- C. AECFA
- D. ABCDOA
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: AECFA. This sequence represents the flow of air through the respiratory system. Airway resistance is primarily overcome by the contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscles in the airways. The correct sequence includes the airway segments that actively participate in regulating airway resistance - the trachea (A), bronchi (E), and bronchioles (C and F). The other choices do not include the correct segments that are involved in overcoming airway resistance.