Nokea
In providing care for patients with chronic, progressive neurologic disease, what is the major goal of treatment that the nurse works toward?
- A. Meet the patient's personal care needs.
- B. Return the patient to normal neurologic function.
- C. Maximize neurologic functioning for as long as possible.
- D. Prevent the development of additional chronic diseases.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Maximizing function for as long as possible is the primary goal
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The affection of cerebellar may produce any of the following EXCEPT:
- A. nystagmus
- B. ataxia
- C. dysmetria
- D. dyspraxia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dyspraxia is the correct answer because it is a disorder of motor planning and execution, typically associated with damage to the frontal or parietal lobes, rather than the cerebellum. The cerebellum is responsible for coordination, balance, and fine motor control, so its dysfunction results in ataxia, dysmetria, and nystagmus.
A nurse assessing a patient diagnosed with a somatic system disorder is most likely to note that the patient:
- A. readily sees a relationship between symptoms and interpersonal conflicts.
- B. rarely derives personal benefit from the symptoms.
- C. has little difficulty communicating emotional needs.
- D. has unmet needs related to comfort and activity.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because patients with somatic system disorders often have unmet needs related to comfort and activity. These patients may focus on physical symptoms to express underlying emotional distress or seek attention. Choice A is incorrect because patients with somatic disorders often struggle to see a relationship between symptoms and psychological conflicts. Choice B is incorrect because patients with somatic disorders may derive secondary gain from their symptoms. Choice C is incorrect because patients with somatic disorders often have difficulty expressing emotional needs.
The presence of dysarthria suggests damage to cranial nerve:
- A. V
- B. XI
- C. XII
- D. VIII
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal nerve) is the correct answer because it controls the movements of the tongue, which are essential for articulation and speech. Damage to this nerve results in dysarthria, characterized by slurred or difficult speech due to impaired tongue movement.
The classic ketogenic diet is typically initiated with what macronutrient ratio?
- A. 4 g of fat to 1 g of protein and carbohydrate
- B. 4 g of carbohydrate to 1 g protein
- C. 4 g of protein to 1 g of carbohydrate
- D. 4 g of protein to 1 g of fat and carbohydrate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The classic ketogenic diet is initiated with a 4:1 ratio of fat to combined protein and carbohydrates. This high-fat, low-carbohydrate ratio is designed to induce ketosis, a metabolic state where the body uses fat as its primary energy source, which can help reduce seizures in epilepsy.
Nerve impulses create a change in voltage which is measured by and can be seen on a(n) ________.
- A. stethoscope
- B. electrocardiogram
- C. oscilloscope
- D. laparoscope
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An oscilloscope is a device used to measure and display changes in voltage over time, making it ideal for visualizing nerve impulses. When a nerve impulse occurs, it creates a rapid change in membrane potential, which can be recorded as a waveform on the oscilloscope. This tool is commonly used in neuroscience research to study the electrical activity of neurons and understand how nerve impulses are generated and propagated.