Health Assessment Neurological System Questions

Health Assessment Neurological System Questions Related

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A 58-year-old female, accompanied by her husband, presents with trouble walking. She describes her legs as being heavy and stiff, and at times experiences muscle spasms in her lower extremities. Her husband notices that she has been having trouble writing, and buttoning her shirt. These symptoms have progressively worsened over that past 4-5 months. Neurologic exam is significant for intrinsic hand weakness, and arm fasciculations. The lower extremity is hypertonic, with increased patellar reflexes. On gait testing, the patient has poor balance, moves slowly, and has issues with turning. Which of the following is the best treatment to prolong life?

  • A. Pyridostigmine
  • B. Botulinum toxin
  • C. Prednisone
  • D. Riluzole
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Riluzole is the only FDA-approved medication shown to prolong life in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It works by reducing glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, which is thought to contribute to motor neuron degeneration. Pyridostigmine is used for myasthenia gravis, botulinum toxin for spasticity, prednisone for inflammatory conditions, and intravenous immunoglobulin for autoimmune disorders. None of these treatments have been shown to prolong life in ALS.

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The brain's ability to change in response to experience or damage is called:

  • A. lateralization
  • B. lesioning
  • C. neuroplasticity
  • D. functionality
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Neuroplasticity refers to the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections in response to learning, experience, or injury. This adaptability allows the brain to compensate for damage and recover lost functions. Neuroplasticity is the basis for learning and memory and plays a crucial role in rehabilitation after brain injury. It highlights the brain's remarkable capacity for change and adaptation.

The joint position sense of the right leg is impaired in damage of:

  • A. the superior colliculi
  • B. the cerebellum
  • C. the thalamus of the right
  • D. the post-central gyrus of the left cerebral hemisphere
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Joint position sense (proprioception) is processed in the post-central gyrus of the contralateral cerebral hemisphere. Damage to the left post-central gyrus impairs proprioception in the right leg. The superior colliculi, cerebellum, and thalamus are not primarily involved in joint position sense.

Which of the following measures should the nurse strongly recommend to a client recovering from a ruptured Achilles tendon to help regain mobility, strength, and the full range of motion?

  • A. Regular use of NSAIDs
  • B. Vigorous exercise
  • C. Physical therapy
  • D. Non-medical interventions, such as yoga
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Physical therapy is essential for restoring function after tendon injuries.

The nurse teaches individuals that one of the best ways to prevent musculoskeletal injuries during physical exercise is by doing what?

  • A. Increase muscle strength with daily isometric exercise
  • B. Avoid exercising on concrete or hard pavement surfaces
  • C. Perform stretching and warm-up exercises before exercise
  • D. Wrap susceptible joints with elastic bandages or adhesive tape before exercise
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Stretching and warming up prepare the muscles and joints for physical activity, reducing the risk of injury.

In brain injury a severe trauma in which the brain is not just jarred but the impact also causes bruising to the brain is known as:

  • A. Concussion.
  • B. Contusion.
  • C. Encephalitis.
  • D. Crainitus.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A contusion is a type of brain injury characterized by bruising and damage to brain tissue, often resulting from a direct impact to the head. Unlike a concussion, which involves temporary dysfunction without visible damage, a contusion causes physical injury to the brain, leading to swelling, bleeding, and potential long-term neurological deficits. Contusions require careful monitoring and treatment to prevent complications such as increased intracranial pressure.

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