Nokea
The affection of cerebellar may produce any of the following EXCEPT:
- A. nystagmus
- B. ataxia
- C. dysmetria
- D. dyspraxia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dyspraxia is the correct answer because it is a disorder of motor planning and execution, typically associated with damage to the frontal or parietal lobes, rather than the cerebellum. The cerebellum is responsible for coordination, balance, and fine motor control, so its dysfunction results in ataxia, dysmetria, and nystagmus.
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To test for stereognosis you would
- A. Have the person close his or her eyes, then raise the person's arm and ask the person to describe its location.
- B. Touch the person with a tuning fork
- C. Place a coin in the person's hand and ask him or her to identify it.
- D. Touch the person with a cold object
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Stereognosis is the ability to perceive and recognize the form of an object using touch. To test for stereognosis, place a familiar object, such as a coin, in the patient's hand and ask them to identify it with their eyes closed. This assesses the sensory cortex's ability to interpret tactile sensations.
To evaluate a patient's intellectual function, the nurse should assess:
- A. The patient's ability to understand, reason, and recall information.
- B. The patient's blood pressure.
- C. The patient's respiratory rate.
- D. The patient's skin texture.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Intellectual function is assessed by evaluating the patient's ability to understand, reason, and recall information. Blood pressure, respiratory rate, and skin texture are unrelated to intellectual function.
The first stage of Alzheimer's disease is characterized by:
- A. depression and anger
- B. hand tremors and confusion
- C. headaches and depression
- D. memory loss and confusion
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The first stage of Alzheimer's disease is typically marked by memory loss and confusion, particularly with recent events. As the disease progresses, more severe cognitive and functional impairments develop.
The brain's ability to change in response to experience or damage is called:
- A. lateralization
- B. lesioning
- C. neuroplasticity
- D. functionality
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Neuroplasticity refers to the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections in response to learning, experience, or injury. This adaptability allows the brain to compensate for damage and recover lost functions. Neuroplasticity is the basis for learning and memory and plays a crucial role in rehabilitation after brain injury. It highlights the brain's remarkable capacity for change and adaptation.
Lobe that contains the primary motor area that enables voluntary control of skeletal muscle movements:
- A. parietal lobe
- B. temporal lobe
- C. occipital lobe
- D. frontal lobe
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The frontal lobe contains the primary motor cortex, which is responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscle movements. The parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes have different functions, and the diencephalon is not a lobe. Thus, D is the correct answer.