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In providing care for the patient, what is most important for the nurse to do?
- A. Teach the family members how to care adequately for the patient's needs.
- B. Encourage the patient to maintain social interactions to prevent social isolation.
- C. Promote the use of assistive devices so the patient can participate in self-care activities.
- D. Perform all activities of daily living (ADLs) for the patient to conserve the patient's energy.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Promoting independence through assistive devices is key to maintaining quality of life
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On observation of the patient, the nurse notes the presence of a gait disturbance. How should the nurse further evaluate the patient?
- A. Palpate the hips for crepitation
- B. Measure the length of the limbs
- C. Evaluate the degree of leg movement
- D. Compare the muscle mass of one leg with the other
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Muscle asymmetry may indicate underlying issues.
The action potential pattern that appears on the oscilloscope screen is caused by rapid ________.
- A. polarity changes
- B. pH changes
- C. breakdown of the membrane structure
- D. all of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The action potential pattern observed on an oscilloscope is caused by rapid changes in membrane polarity. During an action potential, the membrane potential depolarizes (becomes more positive) as sodium ions rush into the neuron, followed by repolarization (returning to negative) as potassium ions exit. These polarity changes are essential for the propagation of nerve impulses and are a hallmark of neural activity.
What causes an initial incomplete spinal cord injury to result in complete cord damage?
- A. Edematous compression of the cord above the level of the injury
- B. Continued trauma to the cord resulting from damage to stabilizing ligaments
- C. Infarction and necrosis of the cord caused by edema, hemorrhage, and metabolites
- D. Mechanical transection of the cord by sharp vertebral bone fragments after the initial injury
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Secondary injury due to ischemia and inflammation can lead to complete cord damage.
How is leprosy primarily transmitted from person to person?
- A. contaminated toilet seats
- B. shaking hands
- C. blowing nose
- D. sexual intercourse
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: blowing nose. Leprosy is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. This is because the bacteria that cause leprosy are mainly spread through respiratory secretions. The other choices (A: contaminated toilet seats, B: shaking hands, D: sexual intercourse) are not common modes of transmission for leprosy. Toilet seats do not play a significant role in transmission, shaking hands is unlikely to transmit the bacteria, and leprosy is not a sexually transmitted disease. Overall, the correct answer aligns with the known mode of transmission of leprosy through respiratory droplets.
What advice must the nurse give to prevent recurrence of insect bites?
- A. Prevent strenuous exercises by the client when outdoors.
- B. Apply insect repellant to clothing and exposed skin.
- C. Wear thick woolen clothing to cover the skin while outdoors.
- D. Avoid giving daily baths to the client with soaps.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insect repellants are effective in preventing bites.