Nokea
In reinforcing a teaching plan to present to a group of older adults regarding the prevention of esophageal cancer, the nurse would include which significant information?
- A. cessation of smoking.
- B. Frequent monitoring for Barrett's esophagus
- C. regular checkups if dysphagia is present.
- D. reducing excessive weight.
- E. limiting alcohol consumption.
- F. reduction of consumption of citrus fruits.
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: Preventive measures include cessation of smoking and alcohol consumption, monitoring for Barrett's esophagus, and medical evaluation of dysphagia. Weight and reduction of citrus fruits are noncontributory to prevention of esophageal cancer.
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Which will the nurse include when reinforcing the teaching plan for a patient with a hiatal hernia to reduce the frequency of heartburn?
- A. Drinking 10 oz of milk with every meal
- B. Lie down after eating
- C. Panting through mouth when symptoms begin
- D. Eating small meals
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Taking care not to overeat is the best defense against pyrosis (heartburn) for the person with a hiatal hernia.
What is the most lethal complication of a peptic ulcer?
- A. Bleeding
- B. Perforation
- C. Severe pain
- D. Gastric outlet obstruction
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Perforation is considered the most lethal complication of peptic ulcer. Bleeding may occur when the ulcer erodes into a blood vessel; however, perforation occurs when the ulcer crater penetrates the entire thickness of the wall of the stomach or duodenum. Gastric outlet obstruction can occur at any time and can be relieved by NG aspiration of stomach contents.
The nurse caring for a patient with a peptic ulcer who has had a nasogastric tube inserted notes bright blood in the tube, the patient complains of pain and has become hypotensive. Which condition should the nurse recognize these as signs of?
- A. Hiatal hernia
- B. Gastritis
- C. Perforation
- D. Bowel obstruction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Perforation of the gastric wall causes pain, hypotension, and hematemesis. Immediate reporting to the charge nurse/physician is essential as peritonitis, potentially lethal, is the result of a perforation.
The nurse clarifies that the end product of food is absorbed and put into the bloodstream by which anatomical feature?
- A. gastric lining of the stomach.
- B. villi of the small intestine.
- C. bile of the liver in the large intestine.
- D. excretion from the cecum.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The inner surface of the small intestine contains millions of tiny, fingerlike projections called villi, which contain small blood vessels. They are responsible for absorbing the products of digestion.
Which is the purpose of antibiotic therapy in treating peptic ulcers?
- A. It eradicates H. pylori.
- B. It inhibits gastric acid secretion.
- C. It protects the gastric mucosa.
- D. It neutralizes or reduces the acidity of stomach contents.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Antibiotic therapy eradicates H. pylori.