Nokea
In the blood glucocorticoids cause:
- A. Increase amount of eosinophles
- B. Lymphocytosis
- C. Increase amount of neutrophils
- D. Increase amount of basophiles
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glucocorticoids increase neutrophils while decreasing eosinophils and lymphocytes in the blood.
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A young adult is receiving a maintenance dose of aminophylline, 3 mg/kg PO q6h. The patient weighs 50 kg. How much should the patient receive in a 24-hour period?
- A. 200 mg
- B. 400 mg
- C. 600 mg
- D. 800 mg
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Use the formula, amount of drug prescribed weight of the patient in kg 4 (q6h in a 24-hour period = 4). 3 50 = 150 mg to be given every 6 hours. To determine how much the patient will receive in a 24-hour period, divide 6 into 24 to equal 4 doses. 4 150 = 600 mg.
The following class of drugs may be used to treat Parkinsonian syndrome arising from the use of phenothiazines:
- A. Nicotinic receptor antagonists
- B. Muscarinic receptor antagonists
- C. Adrenoceptor antagonists
- D. Anticholinesterases
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Antimuscarinics (e.g., benztropine) relieve parkinsonism from phenothiazines.
The patient tells the nurse about a new drug being tested to treat the disease she was diagnosed with and asks the nurse whether the doctor can prescribe a medication still in the preclinical phase of testing. What is the nurses best response?
- A. The doctor would have to complete a great deal of paperwork to get approval to prescribe that drug.
- B. Sometimes pharmaceutical companies are looking for volunteers to test a new drug and the doctor could give them your name.
- C. Drugs in the preclinical phase of testing are only tested on animals and so would not be available to you.
- D. Drugs in the preclinical phase of testing are given only to healthy young men and so would not be available to you.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During the preclinical phase of testing drugs are tested on animals and are not available to patients. In phase I, the drug is tested on volunteers who are usually healthy young men. It is only in phase III studies that the drug is made available to prescribers who agree to closely monitor patients getting the medication.
Phase IV clinical trials in the United States are also known as:
- A. Human bioavailability trials
- B. Post marketing research
- C. Human safety and efficacy studies
- D. The last stage of animal trials before the human trials begin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Phase IV is post-marketing research , monitoring drugs after approval, unlike earlier phases or animal studies.
When assessing a patient before starting a drug regimen, why would the nurse consider it important to assess baseline kidney function?
- A. To anticipate adverse effects of drugs
- B. To determine patient's baseline electrolyte levels
- C. To determine patient's ability to excrete the drug
- D. To determine patient's ability to metabolize the drug
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Kidney function determines drug excretion, critical for dosing and avoiding toxicity.