Nokea
In the initial nursing assessment of Mr. Singer it is important to remember that malignant rheumatoid arthritis
- A. is limited to the synovial joints
- B. may also involve the heart, lungs, and other body systems
- C. is primarily an episodic disease
- D. affects primarily the proximal joints
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Malignant rheumatoid arthritis can affect multiple organ systems beyond the joints.
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Meningitis refers to that class of infections that cause inflammation of the meninges. Which Part of the brain does this refer to?
- A. Spinal fluid.
- B. Membranous covering of the brain and spinal cord.
- C. Main part of a neurone.
- D. Axon terminal.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Meningitis is an infection that causes inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. Symptoms include fever, headache, neck stiffness, and cognitive impairments. The inflammation can lead to serious complications, such as brain damage or sepsis, if not treated promptly. Meningitis can be caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections, with bacterial meningitis being the most severe form.
In obtaining the history for the patient with carpal tunnel syndrome, you would expect to note a history of
- A. Pain and numbness or tingling sensation in the hand (over the palmar surface of the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and lateral aspect of the ring finger) that is worse at night.
- B. Crepitus (grating feeling on palpation over joint during range of motion) due to loss of articular cartilage and bony overgrowth in joint.
- C. Excessive forward curvature of the thoracic spine (kyphosis) owing to pathologic vertebral fractures, and collapsing of the anterior portion of the vertebral bodies in the thoracic area.
- D. Acute onset of excruciating pain in joint because of accumulation of uric acid within the joint.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms include nocturnal pain and paresthesia in the median nerve distribution.
The ability to respond to a stimulus is termed:
- A. polarized
- B. irritability
- C. depolarized
- D. conductivity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Irritability is the ability of a neuron or cell to respond to a stimulus. Polarization and depolarization refer to the electrical state of the membrane, conductivity refers to the ability to transmit signals, and all-or-none response refers to the nature of action potentials. Therefore, B is the correct answer.
In helping Mr. Hall to maintain proper body alignment in bed to prevent dislocation of the prosthetic head and hip contracture, the nurse should assist the patient to lie
- A. straight in bed alternating head position from flat to 30° elevation and left leg abducted
- B. diagonally toward the right side of the bed with legs together
- C. flat on back in bed for first 48 hours with legs adducted
- D. on the right side only with the left leg in front of the right leg
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This position minimizes stress on the new hip joint.
Babinsky response usually develops with damage in:
- A. upper motor neuron
- B. lower motor neuron
- C. cerebellar
- D. thalamus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Upper motor neuron is the correct answer because the Babinski sign is a pathological reflex indicative of damage to the corticospinal tract. It is characterized by the extension of the big toe and fanning of the other toes upon stimulation of the sole, which is abnormal in adults and suggests a loss of inhibitory control from the brain.