Nokea
Hyperventilation causes:
- A. an alkaline urine
- B. a fall in the plasma bicarbonate concentration
- C. increased cardiac output
- D. all above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hyperventilation causes respiratory alkalosis, leading to alkaline urine, reduced plasma bicarbonate, and increased cardiac output due to decreased CO2 levels.
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One of the most common features of neurological disorders are Language deficits and are collectively known as
- A. Dysphasias
- B. Alogias
- C. Anomias
- D. Aphasias
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aphasia is a language disorder resulting from damage to the brain's language centers, typically in the left hemisphere. It affects the ability to produce or comprehend speech, read, or write. Aphasia can manifest in various forms, such as Broca's aphasia (difficulty speaking) or Wernicke's aphasia (difficulty understanding language). These deficits are common in neurological disorders like stroke, traumatic brain injury, or neurodegenerative diseases.
Meningitis refers to that class of infections that cause inflammation of the meninges. Which Part of the brain does this refer to?
- A. Spinal fluid.
- B. Membranous covering of the brain and spinal cord.
- C. Main part of a neurone.
- D. Axon terminal.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Meningitis is an infection that causes inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. Symptoms include fever, headache, neck stiffness, and cognitive impairments. The inflammation can lead to serious complications, such as brain damage or sepsis, if not treated promptly. Meningitis can be caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections, with bacterial meningitis being the most severe form.
The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with a cerebral tumor. For which function should the nurse expect to assess an abnormality?
- A. Reflex movement
- B. Movement and speech
- C. Coordination and posture
- D. Heart rate and respiratory rate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A cerebral tumor in the frontal lobe may affect movement and speech, as this area contains the motor cortex and Broca's area. Reflex movements are controlled by the spinal cord, coordination by the cerebellum, and heart rate by the medulla. Assessing movement and speech is critical for localizing the tumor's effects.
A 25 year-old housewife presents to the urgent care clinic for evaluation of paralysis in her face on the right side. She has a history of an upper respiratory infection 2 weeks before the onset of symptoms. She states that her face on the right is drooping and she is not able to close the right eye. On physical examination, you note that her forehead is smooth on the right, the left palpebral fissure appears wider than the right, and her nasolabial fold on the right is flattened and she is drooling. Based on this information, what is the most likely diagnosis?
- A. Cortical stroke
- B. Bell's palsy
- C. Horner's syndrome
- D. Stress reaction
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bell's palsy is a condition characterized by sudden, unilateral facial paralysis due to inflammation or compression of the facial nerve (CN VII). It often follows a viral infection and presents with drooping of the face, inability to close the eye, and flattening of the nasolabial fold. A cortical stroke typically spares the forehead, and Horner's syndrome involves ptosis and miosis.
Nurse Anderson is preparing to conduct an initial assessment of Mrs. Green, a 63-year-old woman admitted with Parkinson's Disease. She collaborates with the dietician to tailor Mrs. Green's diet, especially considering her medication, levodopa. Nurse Anderson discusses with the dietician about which type of food should be limited or avoided for a patient taking levodopa. What type of food should they focus on?
- A. Food rich in Vitamin B6.
- B. Food rich in Thiamine.
- C. Food rich in Vitamin E.
- D. Food rich in Vitamin C.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vitamin B6 can interfere with the effectiveness of levodopa, so it should be limited in the diet of PD patients.