Nokea
A 49-year-old patient is diagnosed with Huntington's disease. He thought he saw symptoms of the disease in his 15-year-old son. What is the best response?
- A. Your son probably has the early symptoms of the disease.
- B. Huntington's disease is genetically transmitted.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Huntington's disease is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning there is a 50% chance the child will inherit it if one parent has the condition.
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The nurse writes the client problem of 'altered sexual functioning' for a male client diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). Which intervention should be implemented?
- A. Encourage the couple to explore alternative ways of maintaining intimacy.
- B. Make an appointment with a psychotherapist to counsel the couple.
- C. Explain daily exercise will help increase libido and sexual arousal.
- D. Discuss the importance of keeping physically calm during sexual intercourse.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Exploring alternative ways to maintain intimacy can help the client and their partner adapt to changes in sexual functioning caused by MS.
Which functional cell of the nervous system is responsible for transmission of information from one cell to another?
- A. nerves
- B. neurons
- C. ganglions
- D. glial cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Neurons are specialized cells that transmit electrical and chemical signals throughout the nervous system. They are the primary functional units of the nervous system, responsible for processing and transmitting information to other neurons, muscles, or glands.
What do we call the layer of fatty tissue surrounding the axon of some neurons?
- A. cutaneous coating
- B. myelin sheath
- C. dendritic barrier
- D. synaptic sleeve
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The myelin sheath is a layer of fatty tissue that surrounds the axons of some neurons, providing insulation and increasing the speed of electrical signal transmission. Myelin is produced by glial cells, such as oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. Damage to the myelin sheath, as seen in conditions like multiple sclerosis, can impair neural communication and lead to neurological symptoms.
The nurse is caring for a client with ICP. Why will the nurse position the client in bed with HOB elevated to 30 degrees?
- A. Makes it easier for the client to breathe
- B. Prevents the Valsalva maneuver
- C. Promotes venous drainage
- D. Reduces pain
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Elevating the head of the bed to 30 degrees promotes venous drainage from the brain, reducing intracranial pressure (ICP). This position helps improve cerebral perfusion and prevents complications associated with increased ICP, such as brain herniation.
Which of these diseases can be prevented with a vaccine for humans?
- A. eastern equine encephalitis
- B. western equine encephalitis
- C. West Nile encephalitis
- D. Japanese encephalitis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Identify the disease - Japanese encephalitis is caused by a virus transmitted by mosquitoes.
Step 2: Understand the role of a vaccine - a vaccine stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies to fight the virus.
Step 3: Vaccines prevent future infections - by administering a vaccine for Japanese encephalitis, individuals can develop immunity and prevent the disease.
Step 4: Therefore, the correct answer is D because a vaccine is available to prevent Japanese encephalitis.
Summary: A, B, and C are incorrect because there are no vaccines available for eastern equine encephalitis, western equine encephalitis, and West Nile encephalitis, respectively.