Nokea
MRS. Post is concerned about the effect of her diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus on childbearing. In discharge planning with Mrs. Post, you should
- A. instruct her to use an intrauterine device for birth control
- B. tell her pregnancy may cause an exacerbation of symptoms
- C. tell her that her symptoms will not change because of pregnancy
- D. instruct her to use birth control pills
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pregnancy can trigger lupus flares, requiring careful monitoring.
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KL is a 34-year-old male admitted to the hospital (large trauma center) after suffering a traumatic brain injury (TBI) secondary to a serious motor vehicle accident. He was in excellent health prior to the accident. HT: 6'2" WT: 190 pounds (86 kg) What level of energy intake per day is the most appropriate for KL?
- A. 1,800 kcal
- B. 2,100 kcal
- C. 2,400 kcal
- D. 2,700 kcal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: For a patient with traumatic brain injury (TBI), an energy intake of approximately 2,400 kcal/day is often appropriate to meet increased metabolic demands while avoiding overfeeding, which can exacerbate complications like hyperglycemia or respiratory issues.
A dendrite conducts nerve impulses ________ the cell body.
- A. away from
- B. toward
- C. both toward and away from
- D. around, bypassing
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dendrites are specialized structures that receive nerve impulses from other neurons and conduct them toward the cell body. They are branched extensions that increase the surface area for receiving signals. The electrical signals generated by neurotransmitters binding to receptors on dendrites travel toward the cell body, where they are integrated to determine whether the neuron will fire an action potential. This directional flow is essential for neural communication.
A person who experiences an aura as part of his/her seizure pattern should be instructed to
- A. lie down in a safe place
- B. take additional anticonvulsant medication
- C. call an ambulance
- D. exercise vigorously
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lying down in a safe place can prevent injury during a seizure.
Which part of the neuron has the highest concentration of Na.
- A. dendrites
- B. cell body
- C. synaptic knobs
- D. none of them
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The intracellular concentration of Na+ is generally low in all parts of the neuron due to the action of the Na+, K+ ATPase pump, which actively transports Na+ out of the cell. Therefore, none of the listed parts have a high concentration of Na+.
The area of the nervous system that is responsible for mediating reflexes is the:
- A. Medulla.
- B. Cerebellum.
- C. Spinal cord.
- D. Cerebral cortex.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Spinal cord. The spinal cord is responsible for mediating reflexes due to its role in transmitting sensory information to the brain and coordinating motor responses without involving higher brain centers. Reflex actions are quick, involuntary responses to stimuli that help protect the body. The medulla (A) controls vital functions like breathing and heartbeat, the cerebellum (B) coordinates movement and balance, and the cerebral cortex (D) is involved in higher cognitive functions like thinking and decision-making, but not reflex actions.