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In the development of the nervous system, which is the correct order of events?
- A. First, cells must be specified to be neurons, second, these neurons must make connections with their targets, third, the neurons must migrate to their final position, and fourth, the neurons refine their synaptic connections.
- B. First, cells must be specified to be neurons, second, the neurons must migrate to their final position, third, these neurons must make connections with their targets, and fourth, the neurons refine their synaptic connections.
- C. First, cells must migrate to their final position, second, these cells must be specified to be neurons, third, the neurons must make connections with their targets, and fourth, the neurons refine their synaptic connections.
- D. First, the prospective neurons must make connections with their targets, second, the neurons refine their synaptic connections, third, the neurons must migrate to their final position, and fourth, the cells are specified to become neurons.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct sequence of nervous system development involves: (1) specification of cells as neurons, (2) migration of neurons to their final positions, (3) formation of connections with targets, and (4) refinement of synaptic connections. This order ensures proper neural circuit formation and function. Specification occurs first, followed by migration, which positions neurons correctly. Axon outgrowth and target connection occur next, and finally, synaptic pruning and refinement optimize neural communication.
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A laminectomy and spinal fusion are performed on a patient with a herniated lumbar intervertebral disc. During the postoperative period, which finding is of most concern to the nurse?
- A. Paralytic ileus
- B. Urinary incontinence
- C. Greater pain at the graft site than at the lumbar incision site
- D. Leg and arm movement and sensation unchanged from preoperative status
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Urinary incontinence may indicate nerve damage.
The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with a cerebral tumor. For which function should the nurse expect to assess an abnormality?
- A. Reflex movement
- B. Movement and speech
- C. Coordination and posture
- D. Heart rate and respiratory rate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A cerebral tumor in the frontal lobe may affect movement and speech, as this area contains the motor cortex and Broca's area. Reflex movements are controlled by the spinal cord, coordination by the cerebellum, and heart rate by the medulla. Assessing movement and speech is critical for localizing the tumor's effects.
Nerve impulses are picked up by a neuron's (nerve cell):
- A. dendrites
- B. axon
- C. neuron cell body
- D. synapse
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Dendrites are the part of a neuron responsible for receiving nerve impulses from other neurons or sensory receptors. They are branched structures that extend from the cell body and contain receptors for neurotransmitters. When neurotransmitters bind to these receptors, they generate electrical signals that travel toward the cell body, initiating communication between neurons. Dendrites play a crucial role in integrating incoming signals and determining whether the neuron will fire an action potential.
A client who has a musculoskeletal problem is being discharged after a few days of hospital care. Why should the nurse consider factors related to the home environment while determining a plan for the continued rehabilitation of the client?
- A. To include additional care for clients who lack the basic amenities at home.
- B. To determine the client's access to the nearest drugstore.
- C. To modify the client's living arrangements or other accommodation changes.
- D. To determine if the client would continue with the self-care.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Understanding the home environment ensures the client can continue their rehabilitation effectively.
When assessing a patient's response to stimuli, the nurse should:
- A. Observe for changes in the patient's reaction to verbal and physical stimuli.
- B. Measure the patient's heart rate.
- C. Inspect the patient's skin for lesions.
- D. Check the patient's blood pressure.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Response to stimuli is assessed by observing the patient's reaction to verbal and physical stimuli. Heart rate, skin lesions, and blood pressure are unrelated to this assessment.