Nokea
Which signaling molecule is most likely responsible for an increase in digestive activity?
- A. epinephrine
- B. norepinephrine
- C. acetylcholine
- D. adrenaline
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is the primary neurotransmitter responsible for stimulating digestive activity by increasing the secretion of digestive enzymes and promoting smooth muscle contractions. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and adrenaline are stress hormones that inhibit digestive activity by diverting blood flow away from the digestive system and prioritizing other physiological responses. Therefore, acetylcholine is the most likely signaling molecule to increase digestive activity compared to the other choices.
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Loss of muscle coordination results from damage to the:
- A. cerebrum
- B. hypothalamus
- C. cerebellum
- D. thalamus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements and maintaining balance. Damage to the cerebellum results in loss of muscle coordination. The cerebrum, hypothalamus, thalamus, and midbrain have different functions. Thus, C is the correct answer.
A client with multiple sclerosis is observed transferring from the bed to a motorized wheelchair and applying splints to the lower extremities before entering the bathroom to perform morning self-care. What could the nurse conclude regarding this observation?
- A. The client uses assistive devices to optimize autonomy.
- B. The client needs instruction to conduct morning care before applying splints to lower extremities.
- C. The client is dependent upon assistive devices.
- D. The client is reliant upon assistive devices for independent.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The client's use of assistive devices demonstrates their ability to maintain independence and adapt to their physical limitations.
A patient diagnosed with depersonalization disorder tells the nurse, It's starting again. I feel as though I'm going to float away. The nurse should help the patient by:
- A. encouraging meditation.
- B. administering an anxiolytic medication.
- C. helping the patient visualize a pleasant scene.
- D. helping the patient focus on the here and now.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: helping the patient focus on the here and now. This is appropriate for depersonalization disorder as it helps the patient ground themselves in reality and reduce dissociative symptoms. Encouraging meditation (A) may exacerbate dissociation by further disconnecting the patient from reality. Administering an anxiolytic medication (B) may provide temporary relief but does not address the underlying issue. Helping the patient visualize a pleasant scene (C) may be soothing but may not be effective in addressing the dissociative symptoms.
When assessing a patient's response to stimuli, the nurse should:
- A. Observe for changes in the patient's reaction to verbal and physical stimuli.
- B. Measure the patient's heart rate.
- C. Inspect the patient's skin for lesions.
- D. Check the patient's blood pressure.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Response to stimuli is assessed by observing the patient's reaction to verbal and physical stimuli. Heart rate, skin lesions, and blood pressure are unrelated to this assessment.
The nurse is caring for a client with ICP. Why will the nurse position the client in bed with HOB elevated to 30 degrees?
- A. Makes it easier for the client to breathe
- B. Prevents the Valsalva maneuver
- C. Promotes venous drainage
- D. Reduces pain
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Elevating the head of the bed to 30 degrees promotes venous drainage from the brain, reducing intracranial pressure (ICP). This position helps improve cerebral perfusion and prevents complications associated with increased ICP, such as brain herniation.