Nokea
In the nephrotic syndrome, the glomeruli are damaged by inflammation and allow small ___ to pass through into the urine.
- A. proteins
Correct Answer: proteins
Rationale: In nephrotic syndrome, the glomeruli are damaged by inflammation and allow small proteins such as albumin to enter the urine. This creates a deficit of protein in the circulation volume (hypoalbuminemia), which leads to massive edema.
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Acute glomerulonephritis is commonly a result of a preexisting infection of b-hemolytic ___.
- A. streptococci
Correct Answer: streptococci
Rationale: The health history commonly reveals that the onset of acute glomerulonephritis is preceded by b-hemolytic streptococcal infection.
Which action can reduce the risk of skin impairment secondary to urinary incontinence?
- A. Decreasing fluid intake
- B. Catheterization of the older adult patient
- C. Limiting the use of medication (diuretics, etc.)
- D. Frequent toileting and meticulous skin care
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Frequent toileting of the incontinent patient will prevent retained moisture in undergarments and bed linens and will preserve the integrity of the skin.
A patient, age 69, is admitted to the hospital with gross hematuria and history of a 20-lb weight loss during the last 3 months. The health care provider suspects renal cancer. When assisting with data collection from this patient, the nurse recognizes which risk factor as significant for renal cancer?
- A. High caffeine intake
- B. Cigarette smoking
- C. Use of artificial sweeteners
- D. Chronic cystitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Risk factors include smoking; familial incidence; and preexisting renal disorders, such as adult polycystic kidney disease and renal cystic disease secondary to renal failure.
Which hormone from the posterior pituitary gland influences the amount of water that is eliminated with the urine?
- A. Pitocin
- B. Renin hormone
- C. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
- D. ACTH
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ADH causes the cells of the distal convoluted tubules to increase their rate of water reabsorption.
The nurse notes the amount and color of the urine the patient with urolithiasis has voided. While using Standard Precautions, which action will be the nurse's next action?
- A. Discard the urine.
- B. Add the urine to a 24-hour collector.
- C. Send the urine to the laboratory.
- D. Strain the urine.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All urine should be strained. Because stones may be any size, even the smallest speck must be saved for assessment by the laboratory.