Nokea
In which conflict did the US military first utilize X-ray technology for medical purposes?
- A. World War I
- B. Spanish-American War
- C. World War II
- D. Korean War
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: X-ray technology was first utilized for medical purposes during World War I to diagnose injuries and illnesses.
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George Hall is a 91-year-old man. If the physician agrees with his daughter and does not inform George of bad news, which ethical principle might this violate?
- A. Paternalism
- B. Autonomy
- C. Authenticity
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Autonomy is violated when the patient is not informed about his medical condition.
A pregnant patient presents for a routine 16-week prenatal visit. Her BP has decreased from 119/78 mmHg at her 12-week visit to 110/69 mmHg. What hemodynamic factor accounts for the decrease in BP?
- A. Decrease preload
- B. Decrease in stroke volume
- C. Decrease cardiac output
- D. Decrease in systemic vascular resistance
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pregnancy typically leads to a decrease in systemic vascular resistance, which results in a lower blood pressure.
Which one of the following is most true about aging changes?
- A. Stage 3 and 4 sleep decreases.
- B. Renal perfusion is not reduced, but renal function is reduced.
- C. Hearing acuity declines beginning in middle age.
- D. Prostatic enlargement occurs only in a minority of men.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aging leads to a decrease in the deeper stages of sleep (Stage 3 and 4).
A 27-year-old male patient presents with a painless chancre on the shaft of his penis and regional lymphadenopathy. He is diagnosed with primary syphilis. The best initial treatment is:
- A. Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
- B. Clindamycin (Cleocin)
- C. Metronidazole (Flagyl)
- D. Benzathine penicillin G (Bicillin L.A)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Benzathine penicillin G is the first-line treatment for primary syphilis.
A 70-year-old man walks 20 minutes most days of the week. He has begun to complain of pain in his left calf when he is walking. The problem has gotten gradually worse and now he is unable to complete his 20-minute walks without stopping to rest. What choice best describes the pain associated with peripheral artery disease?
- A. A sharp, stabbing pain
- B. A dull pain and cramp
- C. An electric shock
- D. A pulsating pain
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Claudication pain due to peripheral artery disease is typically dull and cramp-like during exercise.