Nokea
In which illness can hydrophobia be seen?
- A. tetanus
- B. malaria
- C. rabies
- D. EBV
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hydrophobia rabies' brain hates water, not tetanus' clench, malaria's sweat, EBV's glands, or HSV's sores. Nurses clock this chronic rabies red flag.
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A 56 yo man presents with a penetrating wound to his leg from a wooden stake. The wound is contaminated with debris. His last tetanus booster was 12 years ago, but records reliably indicate he's had 3 doses of tetanus vaccine. The most appropriate anti-tetanus regimen for him is:
- A. ADT (Adult Diphtheria Tetanus) plus tetanus Ig (immunoglobulin)
- B. Tetanus Ig only
- C. ADT only
- D. Child diphtheria tetanus, as he is immunologically 'immature'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dirty stake, 12 years off ADT boosts his three-dose base, no Ig for primed; kid shots, nothing's off. Nurses jab this chronic recall.
A study by Epstein & Sowers found that hypertension was X times as prevalent in patients with diabetes compared to the general population. What is X?
- A. Two
- B. Three
- C. Four
- D. Five
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diabetes doubles hypertension's odds Epstein & Sowers peg it at two times higher, as insulin resistance and vascular stiffness team up, amplifying prevalence over the general crowd. Three, four, five, or six inflate the risk beyond data, skewing the synergy. This duo's frequent dance tied to shared pathways like RAAS pushes clinicians to screen harder, tackling both to cut cardiovascular and renal doom, a chronic combo grounded in solid stats.
Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) are performed in an overweight person , in whom the disturbed glucose tolerance is now diagnosed for the first time, and in a person with normal body weight who shows normal glucose values after oral glucose intake. Question: Which of the following glucose and insulin values, measured one hour after oral glucose intake, are most consistent with these two people?
- A. Glucose 12 mmol/L, Insulin 60 mU/L ; Glucose 8 mmol/L, Insulin 40 mU/L
- B. Glucose 12 mmol/L, Insulin 10 mU/L ; Glucose 8 mmol/L, Insulin 60 mU/L
- C. Glucose 8 mmol/L, Insulin 60 mU/L ; Glucose 4 mmol/L, Insulin 40 mU/L
- D. Glucose 8 mmol/L, Insulin 10 mU/L ; Glucose 4 mmol/L, Insulin 60 mU/L
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Overweight with new impaired tolerance high glucose, high insulin as fat resists; normal weight, normal test moderate glucose, steady insulin. Twelve and 60 fit the struggler; 8 and 40 the healthy nurses read this, a chronic resistance tale in numbers.
Non modifiable risk factors for developing chronic illness include:
- A. Smoking and hypertension
- B. Sedentary lifestyle and diabetes
- C. Family history and socio-political factors
- D. Working/living conditions and stress
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Non-modifiable risk factors are inherent traits or circumstances that cannot be changed, unlike modifiable factors tied to behavior or environment. Smoking and hypertension are modifiable through lifestyle changes or medical intervention, not fixed. Sedentary lifestyle is a choice, and diabetes, while influenced by genetics, is often manageable, making them modifiable. Family history, such as genetic predisposition to diseases like cancer or heart disease, is unalterable, and socio-political factors like access to healthcare shaped by policy or socioeconomic status are beyond individual control, fitting the non-modifiable category. Working and living conditions, plus stress, can be adjusted with resources or coping strategies, classifying them as modifiable. The distinction lies in control: family history and socio-political factors remain static, influencing chronic illness risk without personal alteration, as noted in foundational chronic disease literature like Farrell (2017), emphasizing genetics and societal context over mutable habits.
The nurse reviews the laboratory results of a patient who is receiving chemotherapy. Which laboratory result is most important to report to the health care provider?
- A. Hematocrit 30%
- B. Platelets 95,000/µL
- C. Hemoglobin 10 g/L
- D. White blood cells (WBC) 2700/µL
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: WBC at 2700/µL post-chemo yells neutropenia infection risk's sky-high, outranking anemia (A, C) or platelets (B bleeding's later, under 20,000). Nurses in oncology report this stat low white cells can spiral to sepsis, a chemo killer needing urgent tweaks.