Nokea
Obesity is associated with an increased incidence of which of the following disorders?
- A. Dyslipidaemia
- B. Hypertension
- C. Cancer
- D. All disorders mentioned above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Obesity hauls dyslipidaemia, hypertension, cancer fat's a triple threat, no dodge. Nurses see this, a chronic disease bundle.
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An oncology patient will begin a course of chemotherapy and radiation therapy for the treatment of bone metastases. What is one means by which malignant disease processes transfer cells from one place to another?
- A. Adhering to primary tumor cells
- B. Inducing mutation of cells of another organ
- C. Phag projecting healthy cells
- D. Invading healthy host tissues
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bone mets mean cancer's invaded malignant cells burrow into nearby tissues, breaking barriers to spread, a hallmark of metastasis. They don't just stick to the primary (adhesion's weak), mutate distant cells (that's not how it rolls), or eat healthy ones (phagocytosis is immune, not cancer). Invasion's the ticket cells chew through matrix, hit lymph or blood, and land in bones. Nurses in oncology spotlight this, tying it to why radiation's aimed at those hotspots, slowing the creep.
A 72 years old man is diagnosed to have Type 2 DM, hypertension and hyperlipidemia with stage 3 chronic kidney disease. He is otherwise well and asymptomatic. He is referred to you for follow-up care. His blood pressure is 142/70 mmHg with HbA1c 6.5%. You would continue his following medications EXCEPT
- A. Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg OD
- B. Simvastatin 40 mg ON
- C. Aspirin 100 mg OD
- D. Glibenclamide 10 mg bid
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Stage 3 CKD eGFR 30-59 means glibenclamide's out; it piles up, risking hypoglycemia in shaky kidneys. Thiazide holds BP, simvastatin guards lipids, aspirin shields heart, irbesartan protects kidneys all stay. Nurses swap sulphonylureas here, dodging chronic sugar crashes in fragile renal states.
Cardiac catheterisation (angiography) is performed to assess blood flow through the coronary arteries through use of a contrast agent and radiographic imaging. The nursing responsibilities in caring for the patient post angiography do not include:
- A. Applying pressure and observing the insertion site for bleeding or haematoma formation
- B. Informing the patient of the findings of the angiogram to allay fear and provide reassurance
- C. Monitor for arrhythmias by both cardiac monitoring and assessing apical or peripheral pulses
- D. Encourage fluids to increase urinary output and flush out the dye
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Post-angio, nurses press sites, watch rhythms, flush dye hands-on musts. Telling results? Docs' turf nurses soothe, don't spill, a chronic care line.
You are monitoring your client who is at risk for spinal cord compression related to tumor growth. Which client statement is most likely to suggest early manifestation?
- A. Last night my back really hurt, and I had trouble sleeping
- B. My leg has been giving out when I try to stand
- C. My bowels are just not moving like they usually do
- D. When I try to pass my urine, I have difficulty starting the stream
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spinal cord compression from tumors strikes early with back pain reported in 95% of cases as vertebral pressure or nerve irritation flares, a red flag needing urgent imaging to prevent paralysis. Leg weakness signals motor loss, a later sign as compression worsens. Bowel or bladder issues like constipation or hesitancy mark advanced nerve involvement, not initial hints. Nurses prioritize this pain statement, recognizing its prevalence and timing, prompting swift action like steroids or surgery to halt progression, critical in cancer clients where spinal integrity dictates mobility and survival.
A nurse sets an infusion pump to infuse 1 L of D5NS at the rate of $100 \mathrm{~mL} / \mathrm{hr}$. How many hours will it take to complete the infusion?
- A. 8
- B. 10
- C. 12
- D. 14
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Math rules IV timing 1 L (1000 mL) at 100 mL/hr divides to 10 hours, a straightforward calc nurses nail for fluid planning. Missteps like 8 or 12 flub the rate; 14's way off. Precision here ensures hydration or med delivery hits the mark, a basic skill keeping care on track.