Nokea
In which of the following conditions is percent transferrin iron saturation highest?
- A. Anemia of chronic disease
- B. Iron deficiency
- C. Pernicious anemia
- D. Hemachromatosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hemachromatosis. In hemachromatosis, the body absorbs and stores too much iron, leading to high transferrin iron saturation.
Rationale:
1. In hemachromatosis, the body absorbs excess iron from the diet, causing high iron levels in the blood.
2. Transferrin is a protein that transports iron in the blood. In hemachromatosis, the high iron levels saturate the transferrin, leading to high percent transferrin iron saturation.
3. Anemia of chronic disease (A) is characterized by low iron levels and low transferrin iron saturation.
4. Iron deficiency (B) results in low iron levels and low transferrin iron saturation.
5. Pernicious anemia (C) is caused by vitamin B12 deficiency, not iron overload, leading to normal to low transferrin iron saturation.
Summary: Hemachromatosis leads to high
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Patients with severely reduced C3 levels tend to have
- A. increased numbers of severe viral infections
- B. increased numbers of severe bacterial infections
- C. low gamma globulin levels
- D. frequent episodes of hemolytic anemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: increased numbers of severe bacterial infections. Severely reduced C3 levels indicate a deficiency in the complement system, which plays a key role in immune defense against bacteria. Without C3, the ability to opsonize bacteria and enhance phagocytosis is impaired, leading to an increased susceptibility to severe bacterial infections. The other choices are incorrect because low gamma globulin levels are associated with antibody deficiencies, severe viral infections are typically more common with T-cell deficiencies, and hemolytic anemia is linked to issues with red blood cell destruction rather than bacterial infections.
A client calls the nurse in the emergency department and states that he was just stung by a bumblebee while gardening. The client is afraid of a severe reaction because the client's neighbor experienced such a reaction just 1 week ago. Which action should the nurse take?
- A. Advise the client to soak the site in hydrogen peroxide.
- B. Ask the client if he ever sustained a bee sting in the past.
- C. Tell the client to call an ambulance for transport to the emergency department.
- D. Tell the client not to worry about the sting unless difficulty with breathing occurs.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ask the client if he ever sustained a bee sting in the past. This answer is correct because knowing the client's past history with bee stings can help the nurse assess the risk of a severe reaction. If the client has a history of severe reactions, the nurse may need to take immediate action.
Choice A is incorrect because soaking the site in hydrogen peroxide is not the appropriate initial action for a bee sting.
Choice C is incorrect because calling an ambulance is not necessary unless there are severe symptoms present, such as difficulty breathing or anaphylaxis.
Choice D is incorrect because telling the client not to worry about the sting unless difficulty breathing occurs can be dangerous, as severe allergic reactions can happen rapidly and without warning.
A child, in renal failure, has hyperkalemia. The nurse plans to instruct that the child should avoid the following foods:
- A. Carrots and green, leafy vegetables.
- B. Chips, cold cuts, and canned foods.
- C. Spaghetti and meat sauce, breadsticks.
- D. Hamburger on a bun, cherry gelatin.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because carrots and green, leafy vegetables are high in potassium, which can exacerbate hyperkalemia in a child with renal failure. Carrots and green, leafy vegetables should be avoided to help manage potassium levels.
Summary of other choices:
B: Chips, cold cuts, and canned foods are high in sodium and phosphorus, not potassium.
C: Spaghetti and meat sauce, breadsticks are moderate in potassium and can be included in the diet in moderation.
D: Hamburger on a bun, cherry gelatin are lower in potassium compared to carrots and green, leafy vegetables.
A child is diagnosed with sickle cell disease. The parents are unsure of how their child contracted the disease. What is the most appropriate explanation by the nurse?
- A. The mother has the trait, but the father does not.
- B. The father has the trait, but the mother does not.
- C. The mother has the disease, but the father has neither the trait nor the disease.
- D. The mother and father have the trait; therefore the child has a 25% chance for having the disease.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder.
2. Both parents must be carriers (have the trait) to pass on the disease.
3. If both parents have the trait, each child has a 25% chance of inheriting the disease.
4. Therefore, choice D is correct as it explains the genetic basis of sickle cell disease transmission.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
A. Incorrect - Both parents need to be carriers for the child to inherit the disease.
B. Incorrect - Both parents need to be carriers for the child to inherit the disease.
C. Incorrect - If the mother has the disease, the child would have a 50% chance of inheriting it, not 25%.
A chest x-ray examination is ordered for a child with suspected cardiac problems. The child’s parent asks the nurse, 'What will the x-ray show about the heart?' The nurse’s response should be based on knowledge that the x-ray film will do which of the following?
- A. Show bones of chest but not the heart
- B. Evaluate the vascular anatomy outside of the heart
- C. Show a graphic measure of electrical activity of the heart
- D. Provide information on heart size and pulmonary blood flow patterns
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Provide information on heart size and pulmonary blood flow patterns. A chest x-ray can reveal the size of the heart and indicate any abnormalities in the pulmonary blood flow patterns. This is important in assessing cardiac function.
A: Show bones of chest but not the heart - This is incorrect as a chest x-ray can show the heart along with the bones of the chest.
B: Evaluate the vascular anatomy outside of the heart - This is incorrect as a chest x-ray primarily focuses on the heart and lungs.
C: Show a graphic measure of electrical activity of the heart - This is incorrect as an ECG (electrocardiogram) is used to measure the electrical activity of the heart, not a chest x-ray.