Nokea
In which of these do you see clue cells?
- A. trichomonas vaginalis
- B. bacterial vaginosis
- C. candida
- D. HSV 2
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clue cells BV's fishy flag, not trich's swim, candida's yeast, HSV's sores, or syphilis' chancre. Nurses scope this chronic hint.
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A patient who is being treated for stage IV lung cancer tells the nurse about new-onset back pain. Which action should the nurse take first?
- A. Give the patient the prescribed PRN opioid.
- B. Assess for sensation and strength in the legs.
- C. Notify the health care provider about the symptoms.
- D. Teach the patient how to use relaxation to reduce pain.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Stage IV lung cancer plus back pain flags spinal cord compression leg checks for numbness or weakness come first; paralysis kills fast. Opioids , calls , or relaxation follow. Nurses in oncology prioritize this neuro's the lifeline, catching mets' chaos early.
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is used as adjuvant therapy for a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Which information should the nurse include when explaining the purpose of this therapy to the patient?
- A. IL-2 enhances the body's immunologic response to tumor cells.
- B. IL-2 prevents bone marrow depression caused by chemotherapy.
- C. IL-2 protects normal cells from harmful effects of chemotherapy.
- D. IL-2 stimulates malignant cells in the resting phase to enter mitosis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: IL-2, a BRM, revs up immunity T-cells and NK cells to hunt renal cell carcinoma, a tumor responsive to this kick. It doesn't shield marrow or normal cells chemo's still rough. It's not pushing cancer mitosis that's chemo's gig. Nurses in oncology clarify this IL-2's an immune booster, a lifeline when mets rage, not a chemo sidekick.
Which animal is least associated with rabies?
- A. dogs
- B. skunks
- C. foxes
- D. rats
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rabies dogs, skunks, foxes, bats bite big; rats rarely tag along. Nurses eye this chronic zoonotic crew.
Mr Tan aged 50 years old has a blood pressure of 160/100 mmHg taken on waking up and 140/90 mmHg at night. He also has a UAE of 200 mg/24 hours. He has type 2 diabetes. Which of the following actions will be most likely reduce the UAE to normal?
- A. Get the patient to lose 10% of his body weight
- B. Prescribe a SGLT2 e.g. empagliflozin
- C. Control the blood pressure to 130/80 mmHg
- D. Get the patient to exercise 150 minutes a week
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: UAE 200, diabetes BP to 130/80 slashes albumin; weight, SGLT2, exercise, nifedipine help less direct. Nurses hit this chronic kidney key.
Hyperglycaemia is involved in cardiovascular complications in diabetes. There are several mechanisms through which high glucose levels in endothelial cells can lead to complications. Question: Which mechanism is NOT directly associated with cardiovascular complications in diabetes?
- A. Activation of PKC
- B. AGE pathway
- C. Sorbitol pathway
- D. Fatty acid oxidation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: High glucose trashes vessels PKC, AGEs, sorbitol clog the works, but fatty acid burn's metabolic, not direct CV. Nurses spot this, a chronic heart sidestep.