Nokea
In which type of water would a submersion injury cause the patient's fluid to be drawn from the vascular space into the alveoli, impairing alveolar ventilation and resulting in hypoxia?
- A. Hypotonic saltwater.
- B. Hypertonic saltwater.
- C. Hypotonic freshwater.
- D. Hypertonic freshwater.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypertonic saltwater draws fluid into the alveoli due to its higher solute concentration, impairing ventilation and causing hypoxia.
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A patient reports episodic chest pain lasting a few minutes that is provoked by exertion and relieved within 10 minutes upon resting. Which cause of the patient's symptoms would the nurse suspect?
- A. Spasm of a major coronary artery.
- B. Exposure of the thrombogenic surface to plaque.
- C. Myocardial ischemia due to coronary artery disease.
- D. Myocardial ischemia secondary to microvascular disease.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Myocardial ischemia due to coronary artery disease causes chest pain provoked by exertion and relieved by rest, characteristic of stable angina.
The nurse presents information to a group of nursing students about cultural and ethnic health disparities related to hypertension. Which information would the nurse include about the comparison of Mexican Americans to White and Black populations?
- A. Mexican Americans have higher rates of good blood pressure control.
- B. Mexican Americans are more likely to receive treatment for hypertension.
- C. Mexican Americans have the highest prevalence of hypertension in the world.
- D. Mexican Americans have lower levels of awareness of hypertension and its treatment.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Mexican Americans have lower levels of awareness of hypertension and its treatment compared to White and Black populations, contributing to health disparities.
The arterial blood gas (ABG) results for a patient who overdosed on barbiturates are pH = 7.32, PaCO2 = 52, and HCO3 = 23. Which interpretation would the nurse rely on when planning the patient's care?
- A. Metabolic acidosis.
- B. Metabolic alkalosis.
- C. Respiratory acidosis.
- D. Respiratory alkalosis.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The given ABG results indicate a low pH (acidosis), an elevated PaCO2 (respiratory component), and a normal HCO3 (metabolic component). The low pH and increased PaCO2 suggest respiratory acidosis.
Which explanation will the nurse give a patient with non-Hodgkin lymphoma about the purpose of a planned lumbar puncture?
- A. To rule out any bone marrow involvement.
- B. To determine the level of cell differentiation.
- C. To establish which lymph cell type is involved.
- D. To find any central nervous system involvement.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A lumbar puncture in non-Hodgkin lymphoma is used to detect central nervous system involvement by examining cerebrospinal fluid for lymphoma cells.
Which instruction would the nurse include in the teaching plan for a patient newly diagnosed with microcytic hypochromic anemia?
- A. Take enteric-coated iron with each meal.
- B. Take cobalamin with green, leafy vegetables.
- C. Take the iron with orange juice 1 hour before meals.
- D. Decrease the intake of the antiseizure medications to improve anemia.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Taking iron with orange juice 1 hour before meals enhances absorption due to vitamin C, optimal for treating microcytic hypochromic anemia.