Nokea
In which way will the nurse instruct the patient to do before obtaining the urine specimen for a urine culture?
- A. Collect the urine for a 24-hour period.
- B. Obtain a clean-catch specimen.
- C. Bring in an early morning specimen.
- D. Limit fluid intake to concentrate the urine.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Urine cultures are dependent on a clean-catch or catheterized specimen.
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A patient, age 78, has been admitted to the hospital with dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. The patient is confused and incontinent of urine on admission. Which nursing intervention does the nurse expect to see in the plan of care?
- A. Restrict fluids after the evening meal.
- B. Insert an indwelling catheter.
- C. Assist the patient to the bathroom every 6 hours.
- D. Apply absorbent incontinence pads.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Use of protective undergarments may help to keep the patient and the patient's clothing dry. Patients who are confused are high risk for falls. Restricting fluids will only decrease incontinence during the night and will exacerbate the dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.
The patient has end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and is admitted to the hospital with a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level of 48 mg/dL. An excessive elevation of BUN could cause which problem?
- A. dehydration.
- B. disorientation.
- C. edema.
- D. catabolism.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: If the BUN is elevated, preventive nursing measures will be instituted to protect the patient from possible disorientation or seizures.
Exercises to increase muscle tone of the pelvic floor are known as ___ exercises.
- A. Kegel
Correct Answer: Kegel
Rationale: Women with weakened structures of the pelvic floor are prone to stress incontinence. For the female patient, Kegel exercises are helpful; 10 repetitions, 5 to 10 times a day, are suggested to improve muscle tone.
In the nephrotic syndrome, the glomeruli are damaged by inflammation and allow small ___ to pass through into the urine.
- A. proteins
Correct Answer: proteins
Rationale: In nephrotic syndrome, the glomeruli are damaged by inflammation and allow small proteins such as albumin to enter the urine. This creates a deficit of protein in the circulation volume (hypoalbuminemia), which leads to massive edema.
Which foods will the home health nurse counsel patients with hypokalemia to include in their diet?
- A. Bananas, oranges, cantaloupe
- B. Carrots, summer squash, green beans
- C. Apples, pineapple, watermelon
- D. Winter squash, cauliflower, lettuce
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The use of most diuretics, with the exception of the potassium-sparing diuretics, requires adding daily potassium sources (e.g., baked potatoes, raw bananas, apricots, or navel oranges, cantaloupe, winter squash).