Nokea
Because the kidneys are located in proximity to the vertebrae and are protected by the ribs, their location is referred to by which term?
- A. retroperitoneal.
- B. diaphragm-vertebral.
- C. costovertebral.
- D. urachal-peritoneal.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The kidneys lie behind the parietal peritoneum (retroperitoneal).
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As the body breaks down protein, nitrogen wastes are broken down into urea, ammonia, and which other product?
- A. nitrogen.
- B. uric acid.
- C. nitrates.
- D. creatinine.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: As proteins break down, nitrogenous wastes-urea, ammonia, and creatinine-are produced.
Which aspect of self care will the nurse encourage, barring any other contraindication, when teaching a patient how to decrease the chance of further problems with urolithiasis?
- A. Increase his fluid intake.
- B. Increase intake of dairy products.
- C. Restrict his protein intake.
- D. Take one baby aspirin daily.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fluid intake should be encouraged to at least 2000 mL of fluid in 24 hours, unless contraindicated.
Why is a urinary disorder common in older adults?
- A. Older adults have weakened musculature in the bladder and urethra.
- B. Older adults have urinary stasis.
- C. Older adults have increased bladder capacity.
- D. Older adults have diminished neurologic sensation.
- E. The effects of medications such as diuretics that many older adults take.
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: Urinary frequency, urgency, nocturia, retention, and incontinence are common with aging. These occur because of weakened musculature in the bladder and urethra, diminished neurologic sensation combined with decreased bladder capacity, and the effects of medications such as diuretics. Older women are at risk for stress incontinence because of hormonal changes and weakened pelvic musculature. Inadequate fluid intake (less than 1000 to 2000 mL per 24 hours) can lead to urinary stasis. Older adults do not usually experience increased bladder capacity.
The patient is on postoperative day 1 after having undergone a Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) procedure. He has continuous bladder irrigation (CBI). Actual urine output during continuous bladder irrigation in which manner?
- A. measuring and recording all fluid output in the drainage bag.
- B. measuring the total output and deducting the total of the irrigating and intravenous solutions.
- C. adding the total of the intravenous and irrigating solutions and then deducting the amount of output.
- D. measuring total output and deducting the amount of irrigating solution used.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: To determine urine output, the nurse will subtract the amount of irrigation fluid used with the Foley catheter output to calculate urine output.
The prostatectomy technique, which involves an incision through the abdomen and the bladder, is a ___ prostatectomy.
- A. suprapubic
Correct Answer: suprapubic
Rationale: A suprapubic prostatectomy involves an incision through the abdomen and the bladder with removal of the gland with the finger.