Nokea
Why are pediatric patients, especially girls, susceptible to urinary tract infections?
- A. Genetically females have a weaker immune system.
- B. Females have a short and proximal urethra in relation to the vagina.
- C. Girls are more sexually active than males.
- D. Girls have a weakened musculature and sphincter tone.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pediatric patients, especially girls, are susceptible to urinary tract infections because of the short urethra.
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As the nurse and the dietitian review a female patient's diet plan with her, she shouts that with her diabetes and now the kidney failure, there is just nothing she can eat. She says she might as well eat what she wants, because there is nothing she can do to help herself. Based on the patient's response, which patient problem does the nurse identify?
- A. The patient will not likely follow a prescribed diet due to anger.
- B. The patient does not understand the diet, and will likely have poor nutrition.
- C. The patient is in the grieving process, due to the probability she will die soon.
- D. The patient is feeling unable to cope, and feels helpless over having diabetes and kidney failure.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ineffective coping due to the feeling of powerlessness against the multiorgan failure may result in aggressive or infantile behavior.
A home health patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) verbalizes feeling helplessness related to this life-altering disease. Which nursing intervention would be most helpful?
- A. Ensure restricted protein intake to prevent nitrogenous product accumulation.
- B. Include the patient in making the plan of care.
- C. Counsel patient about end-of-life provisions.
- D. Write out a detailed schedule of health care provider's appointments.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Listen to the patient and allow time for discussion about concerns and the plan of care to return some sense of control. End-of-life discussions are premature and will not benefit the patient who is experiencing helplessness.
A patient is receiving chlorothiazide a thiazide diuretic for hypertension. Which nursing action is important for prevention of complications?
- A. Measure output.
- B. Increase fluid intake.
- C. Assess for hypokalemia.
- D. Assess for hypernatremia.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The thiazide diuretic, chlorothiazide, affects electrolytes to cause hypokalemia (extreme potassium depletion in blood).
Which foods will the home health nurse counsel patients with hypokalemia to include in their diet?
- A. Bananas, oranges, cantaloupe
- B. Carrots, summer squash, green beans
- C. Apples, pineapple, watermelon
- D. Winter squash, cauliflower, lettuce
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The use of most diuretics, with the exception of the potassium-sparing diuretics, requires adding daily potassium sources (e.g., baked potatoes, raw bananas, apricots, or navel oranges, cantaloupe, winter squash).
___ is a term for severe generalized edema.
- A. Anasarca
Correct Answer: Anasarca
Rationale: The patient with nephrotic syndrome has severe generalized edema (anasarca), anorexia, fatigue, and impaired renal function.