Gastrointestinal Test Questions

Gastrointestinal Test Questions Related

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Intestinal motility is a complex process, orchestrated by nerves, hormones and the presence of food in the stomach. Which statement about this process is correct?

  • A. The migrating motor complex is chiefly responsible for peristaltic movement of food after a meal has been consumed
  • B. The release of insulin after eating a meal will slow the emptying of the stomach
  • C. At the start of a meal, the stomach increases its 'tone' in order to develop pressure which will lead to expulsion of its contents, via the pylorus
  • D. The presence of partially digested fat and starch in the duodenum, slows intestinal motility
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. When partially digested fat and starch enter the duodenum, it triggers the release of hormones like cholecystokinin and secretin, which slow down intestinal motility. This is important for proper digestion and absorption of nutrients. Choice A is incorrect because the migrating motor complex is responsible for clearing the stomach and small intestine of residual food and bacteria during fasting, not after a meal. Choice B is incorrect because insulin does not affect stomach emptying; rather, it regulates blood sugar levels. Choice C is incorrect because the stomach does not increase its tone at the start of a meal; instead, it relaxes to accommodate the incoming food.

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Which of these is a feature of the large intestine?

  • A. villi
  • B. haustra
  • C. microvilli
  • D. lacteals
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: haustra. The large intestine has haustra, which are pouches formed by muscle contractions that help in moving feces along the colon. Villi (choice A) and microvilli (choice C) are features of the small intestine, aiding in nutrient absorption. Lacteals (choice D) are lymphatic vessels in the small intestine. Therefore, the presence of haustra is a distinct feature of the large intestine, making it the correct choice in this context.

A woman is 5 ft

  • A. 6 in (166 cm) tall and weighs 200 lb (90.9 kg) with a waist-to-hip ratio of 0.7. The nurse counsels the patient with the knowledge that the patient is at greatest risk for
  • B. heart disease.
  • C. osteoporosis.
  • D. diabetes mellitus.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A high waist-to-hip ratio indicates a higher risk for heart disease due to visceral fat accumulation in the abdominal area.

The oesophageal phase of swallowing:

  • A. Cannot proceed when the mouth is open
  • B. Is primarily a reflex controlled by the myenteric plexus
  • C. Is primarily controlled by the swallowing center in the brain
  • D. Starts when a bolus enters the oropharynx
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the oesophageal phase of swallowing starts when a bolus enters the oropharynx. This triggers the swallowing reflex, leading to the contraction of the upper oesophageal sphincter and relaxation of the lower sphincter to allow the bolus to move into the oesophagus. Choices A and B are incorrect because the oesophageal phase can proceed with the mouth open and is not primarily reflex-controlled by the myenteric plexus. Choice C is incorrect as the swallowing center in the brain coordinates and initiates the swallowing reflex but is not the primary control of the oesophageal phase.

The patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease should be taught:

  • A. To avoid coffee, tea, or other caffeine-containing beverages.
  • B. To take H2 blockers, such as ranitidine, as directed.
  • C. To avoid acidic foods such as citrus or tomato.
  • D. All of the above.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Patients with GERD should avoid foods and beverages that can irritate the esophagus, and taking H2 blockers can reduce acid production.

The following areas contain tonsils except which one?

  • A. around the frenulum
  • B. oral pharynx
  • C. nasal pharynx
  • D. root of tongue
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Tonsils are lymphoid tissues located in the oral and nasal pharynx, and the root of the tongue.
2. The frenulum is a small fold of tissue under the tongue, not known to contain tonsils.
3. Therefore, the area around the frenulum does not contain tonsils.

Summary:
A is correct because tonsils are not found around the frenulum. B, C, and D are incorrect as they are known locations of tonsils in the oral and nasal pharynx and the root of the tongue.