Nokea
Intra-renal renal failure can be caused by all of the following conditions except______
- A. certain aminoglycoside antibiotics
- B. glomerulonephritis
- C. kidney stones
- D. diabetic or hypertensive nephrosclerosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: kidney stones. Intra-renal renal failure refers to damage within the kidney itself. Kidney stones mainly affect the urinary tract rather than directly causing damage within the kidney. A: certain aminoglycoside antibiotics can cause intra-renal renal failure by damaging the kidney tubules. B: glomerulonephritis is inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidney, leading to intra-renal renal failure. D: diabetic or hypertensive nephrosclerosis can cause intra-renal renal failure due to long-term damage to the kidney's blood vessels and structures.
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In managing older adults with multiple chronic conditions, which factor has the most significant impact on reducing hospital readmissions?
- A. Minimizing polypharmacy
- B. Frequent medication adjustments
- C. Home health care support
- D. Specialized geriatric assessments
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Home health care support. This is because having access to home health care support can provide ongoing monitoring, medication management, and assistance with activities of daily living, which can help prevent complications and reduce the need for hospital readmissions.
Minimizing polypharmacy (A) is important but may not have as significant an impact as continuous home health care support. Frequent medication adjustments (B) may lead to confusion and potential adverse effects in older adults. Specialized geriatric assessments (D) are beneficial but may not directly address the day-to-day support needed to prevent hospital readmissions.
An older adult reports increasing loss of balance. Which teaching should the nurse implement?
- A. Exercise with light weights.
- B. Stand on one foot at a time while supported.
- C. Train with the use of sit-ups.
- D. Work out in a swimming pool.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stand on one foot at a time while supported. This exercise helps improve balance by challenging the proprioceptive system. By standing on one foot while supported, the older adult can gradually strengthen their muscles and improve their balance. Other choices like exercising with light weights may not specifically target balance, training with sit-ups focuses more on core strength, and working out in a swimming pool may provide buoyancy but may not directly address the balance concern.
Define Ageism.
- A. Ageism is a form of prejudice in which older adults are stereotyped by characteristics found in only a few members of their group.
- B. Ageism is the discrimination against individuals who are younger than 65.
- C. Ageism is when younger people are overlooked in healthcare.
- D. Ageism is the positive stereotype that all older adults are wise.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
1. Ageism is defined as prejudice or discrimination against individuals based on their age.
2. Choice A accurately defines ageism by highlighting the prejudicial nature and stereotyping of older adults.
3. Choices B and C are incorrect as ageism can occur against any age group, not just those over 65 or younger people in healthcare.
4. Choice D is incorrect as ageism involves negative stereotypes, not positive ones like assuming all older adults are wise.
Identify the Healthy People 2020 emerging issues in the health of older adults.
- A. Coordinating care for the older adult population
- B. Assisting older adults in the management of their own care
- C. Identifying levels of training for those caring for older adults
- D. Making community resources available for older adults
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Coordinating care for the older adult population. This is a key emerging issue in the health of older adults as it focuses on improving the integration and coordination of healthcare services to ensure comprehensive and efficient care delivery. This includes addressing the complex needs of older adults, promoting continuity of care, and enhancing communication among healthcare providers.
Rationale:
1. Coordinating care addresses the holistic needs of older adults.
2. It aims to prevent fragmented care and improve health outcomes.
3. Enhances collaboration among healthcare providers and community resources.
4. Promotes patient-centered care and improves quality of life for older adults.
Other Choices:
B: Assisting older adults in the management of their own care - While important, this focuses on individual responsibility rather than systemic coordination.
C: Identifying levels of training for those caring for older adults - Relevant but not a primary emerging issue in the health of older adults.
D: Making community resources available for older adults - Important, but
Which of the following is the most common reason for hospitalization in older adults?
- A. Osteoarthritis
- B. Stroke
- C. Pneumonia
- D. Heart failure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pneumonia. Older adults are more susceptible to pneumonia due to weakened immune systems and underlying health conditions. Pneumonia can lead to severe complications, requiring hospitalization. Osteoarthritis (A) primarily affects joints and does not typically lead to hospitalization. Stroke (B) and heart failure (D) are serious conditions but may not be as common for hospitalization as pneumonia in older adults. Pneumonia's impact on the respiratory system and its ability to progress rapidly make it the most common reason for hospitalization in this population.