Nokea
Is a technique that gets children going in the desired direction
- A. Punishment
- B. Modeling
- C. Demonstrating
- D. Leading
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Modeling (Bandura) guides behavior through example.
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Carol, a nurse in a family medicine outpatient clinic, conducts initial interviews when new families are referred. She has just finished interviewing a mother who has come to the clinic with her three children, ages 5, 7, and 11. The mother says to the oldest child, 'You have been such a help to me, playing with your brothers while I talk to the nurse.' In assessing family interaction, the nurse recognizes this statement as a direct indicator of which of the following?
- A. Family climate
- B. Family members’ expectations
- C. Handling differences
- D. Self-concept reinforcement
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Self-concept reinforcement. The mother's statement to the oldest child acknowledges and reinforces the child's positive behavior of helping with siblings, which can contribute to enhancing the child's self-concept. This type of positive reinforcement can boost the child's self-esteem and self-worth. It also indicates that the mother values and appreciates the child's role in the family dynamic, which can have a positive impact on the child's self-perception and confidence.
A: Family climate - While the mother's statement may reflect a positive family climate, the focus is more on individual behavior and self-concept reinforcement.
B: Family members’ expectations - The statement does not directly relate to expectations but rather acknowledges the child's helpful behavior.
C: Handling differences - The statement does not pertain to resolving conflicts or differences within the family but rather highlights positive behavior.
The nurse is contributing to a teaching plan. What should the nurse emphasize as being the most effective method known to control the spread of HIV infection?
- A. Premarital serological screening
- B. Prophylactic exposure treatment
- C. HIV screening for pregnant women
- D. Education about preventive behaviors
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Education about preventive behaviors. This is the most effective method to control the spread of HIV infection because it empowers individuals with knowledge on how to prevent transmission through safe practices such as condom use and avoiding sharing needles. Premarital serological screening (A) may only identify HIV infection in one partner and does not address prevention. Prophylactic exposure treatment (B) is a form of post-exposure prophylaxis, not a primary prevention method. HIV screening for pregnant women (C) is important for preventing mother-to-child transmission but does not directly control the spread among the general population.
Semantic memory is the type of-----:
- A. Episodic memory
- B. Short term memory
- C. Explicit memory
- D. Cognitive memory
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Semantic memory, storing general knowledge, is a form of explicit (conscious) memory, per Tulving.
Which statement best demonstrates that the nurse understands the benefit of the effective introduction of evidence-based practice into the practice of professional nursing?
- A. Evidence-based practice has made consistency of nursing care easier to assure for clients diagnosed with chronic depression.'
- B. I'm going to suggest that one of our in-services this year deals with the current evidence-based practice in managing obsessive-compulsive-related anxiety.'
- C. Professional nursing has benefited tremendously from the introduction of evidence-based practice to nursing students.'
- D. It's been my experience that atypical antipsychotic medications are very therapeutic but I wonder what the literature says.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it demonstrates the nurse's understanding of evidence-based practice by acknowledging the importance of consulting literature to guide practice decisions. By mentioning the need to check the literature on atypical antipsychotic medications, the nurse shows a commitment to using research evidence to inform their practice. This aligns with the core principle of evidence-based practice, which emphasizes integrating the best available evidence with clinical expertise and patient preferences.
Choice A is incorrect as it focuses on the outcome of evidence-based practice rather than the process of utilizing evidence in decision-making. Choice B is incorrect as it mentions suggesting in-services on evidence-based practice but does not directly show the nurse's understanding of the concept. Choice C is incorrect as it talks about the benefits to nursing students, rather than the application of evidence-based practice in professional nursing practice.
Why are tricyclic antidepressants infrequently used?
- A. Have many side effects
- B. Have many interactions with other medications
- C. Can cause cardiac problems
- D. Lethal in overdose
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because tricyclic antidepressants have numerous side effects such as dry mouth, constipation, weight gain, and sedation. These side effects can be intolerable for patients, leading to poor adherence. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while tricyclic antidepressants can have interactions with other medications, cause cardiac problems, and be lethal in overdose, these factors alone do not fully explain why they are infrequently used compared to other antidepressant options. The primary reason for their limited use lies in their significant side effect profile.