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Why are cardiovascular medications, such as beta blockers and alpha-2 receptor agonists, used in patients with anxiety?
- A. Block manifestations: Tremors
- B. Palpitations
- C. Tachycardia
- D. Sweating
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Block manifestations: Tremors. Beta blockers and alpha-2 receptor agonists are used in patients with anxiety to block physical manifestations such as tremors. Beta blockers reduce the physical symptoms of anxiety by blocking the effects of adrenaline on the body, including tremors. Alpha-2 receptor agonists also help reduce physical symptoms by decreasing the release of norepinephrine. Palpitations (B), tachycardia (C), and sweating (D) are also physical symptoms of anxiety, but beta blockers and alpha-2 receptor agonists primarily target tremors in this context.
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Which statement made by a teenager indicates an increased risk for poor stress management as a result of a psychosocial factor?
- A. I couldn't survive if my boyfriend left me.'
- B. My father tried to kill himself when I was 10 years old.'
- C. Our religion does not accept homosexuality as a lifestyle choice.'
- D. In my culture mental illness is thought of as a punishment not a sickness.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
A teenager saying "I couldn't survive if my boyfriend left me" indicates an increased risk for poor stress management due to dependency on external relationships for emotional well-being. This statement suggests a lack of self-reliance and coping skills, making the teenager vulnerable to high levels of stress and anxiety if the relationship ends. It reflects a reliance on others for happiness and emotional stability, which can lead to difficulties managing stress independently.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
B: Experiencing a traumatic event like a parent's suicide attempt can certainly impact stress management, but this choice does not directly indicate poor stress management due to psychosocial factors.
C: Disapproval of homosexuality by religion may cause stress, but it is not directly related to the teenager's own stress management abilities.
D: Cultural beliefs about mental illness may influence attitudes, but this choice does not directly indicate the teenager's own stress management capabilities.
Psychologicalization of illness' is best defined by which of following statements?
- A. Redefinition of illness as an intangible process
- B. Examination of the effects of physical illness on a patient's mental capacity
- C. The stress response to acute illness
- D. Overemphasis on psychological factors without just evidence
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Psychologicalization overattributes symptoms to mental causes without evidence.
Which nursing diagnosis would likely apply to both patients with paranoid schizophrenia and patients with amphetamine-induced psychosis?
- A. Powerlessness
- B. Disturbed thought processes
- C. Ineffective thermoregulation
- D. Impaired oral mucous membrane
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Disturbed thought processes. Both patients with paranoid schizophrenia and amphetamine-induced psychosis commonly experience altered thinking patterns, hallucinations, and delusions. This nursing diagnosis addresses the cognitive disruptions present in both conditions.
Incorrect choices:
A: Powerlessness - This diagnosis refers to a lack of control over one's life situation, which may not be a primary concern for these patients.
C: Ineffective thermoregulation - This diagnosis relates to the body's ability to maintain temperature, which is not typically affected in these conditions.
D: Impaired oral mucous membrane - This diagnosis is related to issues with the mouth's lining and is not typically associated with paranoid schizophrenia or amphetamine-induced psychosis.
This theorist identified eight developmental tasks or stages that are expressed as opposites or contraindications of each other.
- A. Erik Erikson
- B. Sigmund Freud
- C. Jean Piaget
- D. Abraham Maslow
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Erikson's developmental concepts were derived partly from Sigmund Freud's concepts of personality development. Erikson's stages related to developmental task based on age.
If the null hypothesis is false then which of the following is accepted:
- A. Null Hypothesis
- B. Positive Hypothesis
- C. Negative Hypothesis
- D. Alternative Hypothesis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: If the null is false, the alternative hypothesis (effect exists) is accepted.