Nokea
Jason, a 22 y.o. accident victim, requires an NG tube for feeding. What should you immediately do after inserting an NG tube for liquid enteral feedings?
- A. Aspirate for gastric secretions with a syring
- C. Begin feeding slowly to prevent cramping.
- D. Get an X-ray of the tip of the tube within 24 hours.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because aspirating for gastric secretions ensures proper tube placement in the stomach, reducing the risk of aspiration pneumonia. Choice B is irrelevant and doesn't address the immediate post-insertion step. Choice C is incorrect as starting feeding immediately can lead to complications if the tube is not in the correct position. Choice D is incorrect as X-ray verification is not needed immediately after insertion.
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Gastric secretion composed of all of the following Except:
- A. HCL.
- B. IF.
- C. Mucous.
- D. Amylase.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Amylase. Gastric secretion does not contain amylase. Amylase is an enzyme produced by the pancreas and salivary glands to break down carbohydrates. In the stomach, gastric secretions mainly consist of hydrochloric acid (HCl) for digestion, intrinsic factor (IF) for vitamin B12 absorption, and mucous to protect the stomach lining. Therefore, amylase is not a component of gastric secretion.
The nurse caring for an 80-year-old woman who is undergoing extensive bowel preparation for a colonoscopy. The nurse should most closely monitor the patient for which potential complication?
- A. Diarrhea
- B. Metabolic acidosis
- C. Fatigue
- D. Dyspnea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Metabolic acidosis. During bowel preparation for a colonoscopy, the patient may experience fluid and electrolyte imbalances, leading to metabolic acidosis. The nurse should closely monitor for signs such as confusion, weakness, and increased respiratory rate. Diarrhea (choice A) is expected during bowel preparation but does not directly lead to metabolic acidosis. Fatigue (choice C) and dyspnea (choice D) are less likely complications of bowel preparation and do not directly relate to metabolic acidosis.
Which of the following is a common risk factor for gallstones?
- A. High-fat diet
- B. Advanced age
- C. Gender (female)
- D. Family history of gallbladder disease
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Gender (female). Women have a higher risk of developing gallstones due to hormonal factors, such as estrogen increasing cholesterol levels in bile. This imbalance can lead to gallstone formation. Advanced age (B) is a risk factor but not as common as gender. While a high-fat diet (A) can contribute to gallstone formation, it is not a primary risk factor. Family history (D) can increase the likelihood of gallstones, but it is not as common as being female.
Which of the following are liver waste products?
- A. bilirubin
- B. bile salts
- C. cholesterol
- D. electrolytes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: bilirubin. Bilirubin is a waste product produced during the breakdown of red blood cells in the liver. It is excreted in bile and gives feces its brown color. Bile salts aid in digestion, cholesterol is a lipid used for various functions, and electrolytes are essential for bodily functions but are not liver waste products. Therefore, bilirubin is the only true liver waste product in this list.
Most of the enzymes produced in the large intestine and the formation of Vitamin K occurs in
- A. Goblet cells.
- B. simple columnar cells.
- C. teniae coli.
- D. bacteria.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: bacteria. Enzymes in the large intestine are primarily produced by the gut microbiota, which are bacteria residing in the colon. These bacteria play a crucial role in the breakdown of complex carbohydrates and the production of certain vitamins, including Vitamin K. Goblet cells (A) produce mucus, simple columnar cells (B) are involved in absorption, and teniae coli (C) are muscle bands in the colon - none of which are directly responsible for enzyme production or Vitamin K synthesis in the large intestine.