Nokea
Laryngeal stridor as a congenital abnormality is caused by
- A. Choanal atresia
- B. Laryngomalacia
- C. Diaphragmatic hernia
- D. Hirschsprung’s disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Laryngeal stridor is caused by laryngomalacia, where the soft tissue above the vocal cords collapses inward.
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Teratogenic causes of congenital malformations include
- A. Infective agents and chromosomes
- B. Radiation and substance of abuse
- C. Prematurity and prophylactic antibiotic
- D. Substance of abuse and postdatism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Radiation and substances of abuse are key teratogenic causes of congenital malformations.
M. T. is a 71-year-old female who presents for evaluation of a lump on her chest. She denies any symptomsthere is no pain, erythema, edema, ecchymosis, or open areasit is just a lump. She has no idea how long it has been there and just noticed it a few weeks ago. Physical examination reveals a round, smooth, flesh-colored tumor. It is firm but not hard it has smooth borders. It measures 6 cm in diameter and is non-tender to palpation. The AGACNP suspects that this is a classic presentation of the most common chest wall tumor known as a
- A. Neurolemma
- B. Lipoma
- C. Hemangioma
- D. Lymphangioma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The described presentation of a round, smooth, flesh-colored tumor that is firm but not hard, with smooth borders, non-tender to palpation, and measuring 6 cm in diameter, fits the classic presentation of a lipoma. Lipomas are common noncancerous soft tissue tumors often found just beneath the skin, can occur anywhere on the body, including the chest wall. They are usually painless and slowly growing, with a characteristic appearance of being smooth, soft, and mobile under the skin. In this case, the absence of pain, redness, swelling, or other concerning signs, along with the appearance and characteristics of the lump, are highly suggestive of a lipoma.
The MOST common type of breech presentation is
- A. Frank breech presentation
- B. Complete breech presentation
- C. Incomplete breech presentation
- D. Footling breech presentation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Frank breech, where the buttocks are presenting with the legs extended, is the most common type of breech presentation.
How can maternal nutrition affect fetal development?
- A. Ensures proper growth
- B. Prevents birth defects
- C. Reduces the risk of preterm birth
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Maternal nutrition supports fetal growth, prevents birth defects, and reduces preterm birth risks.
Arrested active phase of labor in a multiparous woman denotes an abnormal labor pattern as characterized by
- A. Cessation of cervical dilatation for more than 2 hours
- B. Cessation of cervical dilatation for more than 4 hours
- C. Duration of latent phase of labor lasting more than 8 hours
- D. Cessation of descent of the presenting part for more than 1 hour
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Arrested active phase is characterized by cessation of cervical dilatation for more than 4 hours.