Nokea
Like the brain, the spinal cord is surrounded by bone, meninges, and ________.
- A. cerebrospinal fluid
- B. white matter
- C. gray matter
- D. water
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The spinal cord, like the brain, is protected by bone (vertebrae), meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF provides cushioning, nutrients, and waste removal for the central nervous system. White matter and gray matter are components of the spinal cord's internal structure, while water is not a specific protective element. Therefore, cerebrospinal fluid is the correct answer.
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In the context of brain imaging, what does FMRI stand for?
- A. fast moving recovery imaging
- B. first moveable recording indicator
- C. flexible motion resistance indicator
- D. functional magnetic resonance imaging
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is a brain imaging technique that measures brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow. When a brain region is active, it consumes more oxygen, and fMRI captures this increased blood flow. This non-invasive method is widely used in neuroscience to study brain function and map neural activity during various tasks. fMRI has revolutionized our understanding of the brain's organization and function.
Two days following a spinal cord injury, a patient asks continually about the extent of impairment that will result from the injury. What is the best response by the nurse?
- A. You will have more normal function when spinal shock resolves and the reflex arc returns.'
- B. The extent of your injury cannot be determined until the secondary injury to the cord is resolved.'
- C. When your condition is more stable, MRI will be done to reveal the extent of the cord damage.'
- D. Because long-term rehabilitation can affect the return of function, it will be years before we can tell what the complete effect will be.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Secondary injury resolution is necessary to assess the full extent of the injury.
Which of the following statement is correct about Cerebellum?
- A. It regulates the muscular movement for locomotion.
- B. It is a part of brain.
- C. Both A and B
- D. Neither A nor B
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The cerebellum is a part of the brain located above and behind the medulla. It plays a crucial role in coordinating voluntary movements, maintaining balance, and ensuring smooth muscular activity for locomotion. Therefore, both statements A and B are correct.
The nurse assessed decorticate rigidity in the unconscious client. What is the best description for this posturing?
- A. Flexion of the upper and lower extremities into a fetal-like position
- B. Rigid extension of the upper and lower extremities and plantar flexion
- C. Complete flaccidity of both upper and lower extremities and hyperextension of the neck
- D. Flexion of the upper extremities, and plantar flexion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Decorticate rigidity involves flexion of the upper and lower extremities into a fetal-like position. This posturing indicates damage to the corticospinal tracts above the brainstem and is a sign of severe neurological injury. It is often seen in conditions like traumatic brain injury or stroke.
While Susan's medication is being adjusted, which of the following aspects of nursing assessment would be most important to document?
- A. Muscular strength following medication administration
- B. Elimination patterns
- C. Emotional response to her diagnosis
- D. State of consciousness
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Muscle strength is directly affected by myasthenia gravis and its treatment.