Nokea
List THREE major criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis.
- A. Persistently positive blood cultures
- B. Echo evidence positive for IE
- C. New valvar regurgitation
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The major criteria are critical for diagnosing infective endocarditis based on clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic findings.
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Malignant mutation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is which of the following?
- A. Arg 403 Gln
- B. Gln 403 Arg
- C. Arg 304 Gln
- D. Gln 304 Arg
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Arg 403 Gln mutation is a known pathogenic mutation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, linked with a higher risk of sudden cardiac death.
The MOST common cause of death from associated cardiac lesions without heart syndrome in the first month of life is
- A. d-Transposition
- B. hypoplastic left heart syndrome
- C. pulmonary atresia
- D. truncus arteriosus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: d-Transposition of the great arteries is a common cause of death in the first month due to mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
In utero heart failure, often with fetal pleural and pericardial effusions and generalized ascites (nonimmune hydrops fetalis) may occur in
- A. ventricular septal defect
- B. coarctation of aorta
- C. d-Transposition of great arteries
- D. single ventricle
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Single ventricle anatomy can lead to in utero heart failure and hydrops fetalis.
Which statement by the mother of a child with rheumatic fever (RF) shows she has an understanding of prevention for her other children?
- A. Whenever one of them gets a sore throat, I will give that child an antibiotic.
- B. There is no treatment. It must run its course.
- C. If their culture is positive for group A streptococcus, I will give them their antibiotic.
- D. If their culture is positive for staphylococcus A, I will give them their antibiotic.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Preventive antibiotic therapy is indicated when a culture is positive for group A streptococcus, but unnecessary antibiotic use (if the infection is viral) should be avoided.
Spread of hepatitis C occurs by:
- A. Drug abuse
- B. Seafood consumption
- C. Recombinant factor VIII therapy
- D. Faeco-oral spread
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hepatitis C is primarily spread through blood-to-blood contact, such as sharing needles or other equipment to inject drugs.