Nokea
Lungs are held tightly to the wall of the thorax due to
- A. the diaphragm and intercostal muscle contractions
- B. tight junctions between the lungs and the thorax
- C. surface tension of the pleural fluid and negative pressure in the cavity
- D. atmospheric pressure pushing on the lungs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the surface tension of the pleural fluid creates a cohesive force that keeps the lungs adhered to the thoracic wall. This, combined with the negative pressure in the pleural cavity, creates a vacuum effect that maintains the lungs' position.
A) The diaphragm and intercostal muscle contractions help with breathing but do not directly secure the lungs to the thorax.
B) Tight junctions between the lungs and thorax do not play a significant role in holding the lungs in place.
D) Atmospheric pressure does not hold the lungs against the thoracic wall; rather, it helps with breathing by aiding in lung expansion and contraction.
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At a PO2 of 70 mm Hg and normal temperature and pH, hemoglobin is ________ percent saturated with oxygen.
- A. 10
- B. 25
- C. 50
- D. more than 90
Correct Answer: D
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The client with COPD has a nursing diagnosis of Ineffective Breathing Pattern. Which action is appropriate to delegate to the experienced LPN/LVN under your supervision?
- A. Observe how well the client performs pursed-lip breathing.
- B. Plan a nursing care regimen that gradually increases activity tolerance.
- C. Assist the client with basic activities of daily living (ADLs).
- D. Consult with physical therapy about reconditioning exercises.
Correct Answer: C
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Which of the following are risk factors of laryngeal cancer?
- A. Acute laryngitis
- B. Tobacco use
- C. Caffeine use
- D. Sleep apnea
Correct Answer: B
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A client with suspected tuberculosis will most likely relate which clinical manifestations?
- A. Fatigue, weight loss, low grade fevers, night sweats.
- B. Dyspnea, chest pain, cough.
- C. Rapid shallow breathing, prolonged labored expiration, stridor.
- D. Dyspnea, hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance.
Correct Answer: A
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Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they describe symptoms that are not typically associated with tuberculosis. Dyspnea, chest pain, and cough (Choice B) are more commonly seen in respiratory conditions such as pneumonia or bronchitis. Rapid shallow breathing, prolonged labored expiration, and stridor (Choice C) are indicative of airway obstruction rather than tuberculosis. Dyspnea, hypoxemia, and decreased pulmonary compliance (Choice D) are more characteristic of conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) rather than tuberculosis.
The abnormal assessment findings of dullness and hyperresonance are found with which assessment technique?
- A. Inspection
- B. Palpation
- C. Percussion
- D. Auscultation
Correct Answer: C
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