Nokea
Lysozyme
- A. Helps protecting the eye from pathogens
- B. Is a cationic protein able to bind the negatively charged membrane of bacteria
- C. Can digest the cell wall of bacteria
- D. Is a MAMP
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Firstly, Lysozyme is a Microbe-Associated Molecular Pattern (MAMP), not a protein. MAMPs are molecules recognized by the innate immune system to trigger immune responses. Lysozyme is not specific to protecting the eye (A), binding membranes (B), or digesting cell walls (C). Therefore, the correct answer is D.
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Priority Decision: During care of patients, what is the most important precaution for preventing transmission of infections?
- A. Wearing face and eye protection during routine daily care of the patient
- B. Wearing nonsterile gloves when in contact with body fluids, excretions, and contaminated items
- C. Wearing a gown to protect the skin and clothing during patient care activities likely to soil clothing
- D. Hand washing after touching fluids and secretions and removing gloves, as well as between patient contacts
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hand hygiene remains the single most effective measure in preventing the spread of infections, even when personal protective equipment (PPE) is used.
Which of the following should a client with autoimmune disorder be advised to avoid?
- A. Rest during the periods of severe exacerbation
- B. Regular exercise during the periods of remission
- C. Being in crowds during the periods of immunosuppression
- D. Humid environment during the periods of remission
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Clients with autoimmune disorders especially during immunosuppression should avoid crowds to reduce the risk of infections.
A 69-year-old woman asks the nurse whether it is possible to 'catch' cancer because many of her friends of the same age have been diagnosed with different kinds of cancer. In responding to the woman, the nurse understands that what factor increases the incidence of tumors in older adults?
- A. An increase in autoantibodies
- B. Decreased activity of the bone marrow
- C. Decreased differentiation of T lymphocytes
- D. Decreased size and activity of the thymus gland
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The thymus gland shrinks with age, reducing the production of new T cells, which impairs immune surveillance and increases cancer risk.
A client is being administered the first dose of belimumab for a systemic lupus erythematosus flare. What actions by the nurse are most appropriate? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Observe the client for at least 2 hours afterward.
- B. Instruct the client about the monthly infusion schedule.
- C. Inform the client not to drive or sign legal papers for 24 hours.
- D. Ensure emergency equipment is working and nearby.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Inform the client not to drive or sign legal papers for 24 hours. This is because belimumab can cause dizziness and fatigue as side effects, which may impair the client's ability to drive or make important decisions. It is crucial for the nurse to ensure the safety of the client and others by advising against these activities for 24 hours post-administration.
Choice A: Observing the client for at least 2 hours is important for monitoring immediate adverse reactions, but it is not the most appropriate action in this scenario.
Choice B: Instructing the client about the monthly infusion schedule is important for treatment adherence, but it is not the most immediate concern after the first dose administration.
Choice D: Ensuring emergency equipment is working and nearby is important for safety precautions, but advising the client not to drive or sign legal papers is more directly related to the potential side effects of belimumab.
Which of the following is the best match between antibody class and major antibody effector function?
- A. IgG: Opsonization
- B. IgA: Complement activation
- C. IgE: Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
- D. IgM: Neonatal immunity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: IgG: Opsonization. IgG antibodies are known for their role in opsonization, where they tag pathogens for phagocytosis by immune cells. This process enhances the removal of pathogens. IgA is mainly involved in mucosal immunity and not complement activation, making choice B incorrect. IgE is associated with allergic reactions and not antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity as stated in choice C. IgM is the first antibody produced in response to an infection and plays a role in neonatal immunity, making choice D incorrect.