Nokea
Which of the following would have the highest priority in septic shock?
- A. Monitoring temperature.
- B. Monitoring airway,breathing,circulation (ABC).
- C. Monitoring pupillary reaction.
- D. Monitoring ANA and RF levels.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In septic shock, maintaining airway, breathing, and circulation (ABC) is critical because these systems ensure oxygenation and perfusion, which are compromised in shock states. Monitoring temperature and other parameters is secondary to stabilizing ABC.
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Which of the following is the best match between antibody class and major antibody effector function?
- A. IgG: Opsonization
- B. IgA: Complement activation
- C. IgE: Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
- D. IgM: Neonatal immunity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: IgG: Opsonization. IgG antibodies are known for their role in opsonization, where they tag pathogens for phagocytosis by immune cells. This process enhances the removal of pathogens. IgA is mainly involved in mucosal immunity and not complement activation, making choice B incorrect. IgE is associated with allergic reactions and not antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity as stated in choice C. IgM is the first antibody produced in response to an infection and plays a role in neonatal immunity, making choice D incorrect.
Which opportunistic disease associated with AIDS is characterized by hyperpigmented lesions of skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract?
- A. Kaposi sarcoma
- B. Candida albicans
- C. Herpes simplex type 1 infection
- D. Varicella-zoster virus infection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Kaposi sarcoma is a tumor associated with AIDS and manifests as hyperpigmented lesions on the skin, lungs, and GI tract.
Tolerogenic dendritic cells
- A. Induce T cell unresponsiveness
- B. Do not secrete IL-12
- C. Express high levels of co-stimulatory molecules
- D. Have recognized PAMPs
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: I apologize, but it seems like there was a mistake in the question. The correct answer is not provided as choice "E." Could you please provide the correct choices for the question so I can provide you with the detailed explanation you are looking for?
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
- A. A B cell epitope will often be destroyed by denaturation
- B. A pathogen will often have more than one B cell epitope
- C. A B cell epitope is the part of the antibody molecule that contacts an antigen
- D. B cell epitopes are most commonly found on the surface of pathogens
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because a B cell epitope is not a part of the antibody molecule that contacts an antigen. B cell epitopes are specific regions on an antigen that bind to B cell receptors. Choice A is incorrect because denaturation can expose B cell epitopes. Choice B is incorrect because pathogens typically have multiple B cell epitopes. Choice D is incorrect because B cell epitopes can be found on various parts of pathogens, not just on the surface.
You are completing an assessment and health history for an HIV-positive patient who is considering starting antiretroviral therapy with several medications. Which patient information concerns you the most?
- A. Patient has been HIV positive for 8 years and has never been on any drug therapy for the HIV infection.
- B. Patient tells you that he never has been very consistent about taking medications in the past.
- C. Patient continues to be sexually active with multiple partners and says that he is careful to use condoms.
- D. Patient has many questions and concerns regarding how effective and safe the medications are.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy is critical for its success. If the patient has a history of inconsistent medication use this raises concerns about the effectiveness of the therapy and the risk of developing drug resistance. The other information while important does not directly impact the success of the treatment as much as adherence does.