Nokea
Major treatment modalities for breast cancer are:
- A. Surgery, remove the primary tumor
- B. Radiotherapy, destroy microscopic diseases
- C. Chemotherapy, systematically destroys cancer cells
- D. All of these
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The major treatment modalities for breast cancer include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Each of these modalities plays a crucial role in the treatment plan for breast cancer patients:
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The nurse is teaching the parents of a child with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) regarding the application of the Pavlik harness. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Three diapers should be worn at all times under the harness.
- B. Harness should be removed for ten minutes every hour.
- C. Harness should always keep the legs fully adducted.
- D. Clothing should always fit loosely over the harness.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct information that the nurse should include in the teaching is that clothing should always fit loosely over the harness. This is important to prevent restriction of movement and ensure comfort for the child wearing the Pavlik harness. Tight clothing can cause discomfort, skin irritation, and interfere with the effectiveness of the harness in positioning the hip properly. Parents should be advised to choose clothing that is loose-fitting and does not put pressure on the harness or the child's skin.
Which of the following may be the first abnormal sign detected in a client with cardiomyopathy?
- A. Ascites c.Chest pain
- B. Heart murmur
- C. Dyspnea
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dyspnea, or difficulty breathing, may be the first abnormal sign detected in a client with cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle, which can lead to impaired heart function. As the heart's ability to pump blood effectively is compromised, the body may not receive an adequate supply of oxygen-rich blood. This can result in symptoms such as dyspnea, especially during physical exertion or when lying down. Ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdomen), chest pain, and heart murmur may also be seen in clients with cardiomyopathy but are not typically the first signs to present. Dyspnea is often a key indicator that should prompt further evaluation and monitoring for cardiac issues.
You are evaluating a 9-year-old boy child with ALL who recently develops relapse; an important statement that should be mentioned to his parents is
- A. testicular relapse occurs in the majority of boys with ALL
- B. such relapse occurs as painful swelling of one or both testes
- C. the diagnosis is confirmed by ultrasonography
- D. the majority of affected boys can be successfully retreated, and the survival rate is good
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Most boys with testicular relapse can be successfully treated, and their overall survival remains favorable.
An adult has a central venous line. Which of the following should the nurse include in the plan of care?
- A. Complete blood count and electrolytes
- B. Regular chest x rays to ensure proper placement of the central line
- C. Continuous infusion of the solution at a keep vein open rate
- D. Any signs of infection, air embolus, and leakage or puncture
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An adult with a central venous line should include monitoring for any signs of infection, air embolus, and leakage or puncture in the plan of care. Central venous lines carry a risk of complications such as infection, air embolism, and mechanical issues like leakage or puncture. These complications can be serious and require immediate attention to prevent further harm to the patient. Regular monitoring and assessment for these potential issues are crucial in providing safe care for a patient with a central venous line. Other options (A, B, C) may be important in the overall care but monitoring for complications is the priority.
The clue to need help by age of 24 months, if the child
- A. speech is not understood by familiar listeners
- B. speech is not understood by unfamiliar listeners
- C. has not begun to ask questions (using where, what, why)
- D. is not using short sentences (e.g., 'Daddy went bye-bye')
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: By 24 months, children should begin using short sentences.