Nokea
Males are usually taller than females when they reach their adult height because:
- A. Their growth in height occurs early in puberty and continues briefly after puberty.
- B. Their secretion of testosterone delays closure of the epiphyses of the long bones.
- C. Their puberty changes begin approximately 2 years later than in the average female.
- D. The puberty growth spurt begins later and continues for a longer time.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Males typically begin puberty later than females, allowing for a longer pre-pubertal growth period and greater final height.
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The phenotypic sex is determined by:
- A. At fertilization by the male gamete
- B. At fertilization by the female gamete
- C. Around 6-10 weeks of gestation by the SRY gene
- D. By the activity of the androgen hormones on the indifferent genitalia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice D is correct:
1. During early development, all embryos possess indifferent genitalia.
2. Androgen hormones, like testosterone, influence the differentiation of these structures.
3. The presence of androgen hormones leads to the development of male genitalia.
4. Lack of androgen results in the development of female genitalia.
5. This process occurs after fertilization, not during fertilization.
In summary, choice D is correct as the phenotypic sex is determined by the activity of androgen hormones on the indifferent genitalia post-fertilization.
Choices A and B are incorrect because sex determination occurs post-fertilization, not during fertilization.
Choice C is incorrect as the SRY gene typically plays a role in sex determination but is not the primary factor influencing the phenotypic sex.
At puberty, the reproductive hormones stimulate the organs of the reproductive tract. Which statement best describes what happens to the ovaries at this time?
- A. The ovaries become functional and produce mature ova one at a time.
- B. The mature follicles will stop developing, and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels required to initiate ovulation do not occur.
- C. Supraovulation will occur to increase chances of pregnancy.
- D. The ovaries begin a process of involution that results in a decrease in size and position deep in the pelvis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: At puberty, the ovaries become functional and produce mature ova.
Which hormonal effect is noted during the menstrual cycle?
- A. Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion rise
- C. A negative feedback mechanism is exhibited by the anterior pituitary gland and ovaries.
- D. The posterior pituitary gland secretes LH.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because during the menstrual cycle, LH and FSH secretion rise to stimulate ovarian follicle development and trigger ovulation. This process is crucial for maintaining the menstrual cycle. Choice B is incorrect as it is incomplete. Choice C is incorrect as negative feedback is primarily between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovaries, not just the anterior pituitary gland and ovaries. Choice D is incorrect because LH is primarily secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, not the posterior pituitary gland.
Shortly before menstruation:
- A. Blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease
- B. Blood levels of estrogen and progesterone increase
- C. Blood levels of FSH stabilize
- D. The corpus luteum secretes progesterone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Before menstruation, blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease, leading to the shedding of the endometrium.
After using a breast pump, the woman should
- A. rinse removable parts in cold water, then wash with warm soapy water
- B. wash removable parts in very hot soapy water
- C. immediately sterilize the removable parts in boiling water
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Proper cleaning prevents contamination while preserving the integrity of pump components.