Immune System Quiz Quizlet

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Mature naïve T cells that leave the thymus

  • A. Are all tolerant to self-antigens because all self-reactive developing T cells have been killed in the thymus
  • B. Might include some self-reactive T cells that have not been tolerized against a specific Ag
  • C. Go first to LN where they acquire the ability to recognize antigen presented by MHC
  • D. Go first to LN to be tested for self-reactivity
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because mature naïve T cells that leave the thymus can include self-reactive T cells that have not been tolerized against a specific antigen. This is because the process of negative selection in the thymus eliminates most self-reactive T cells but does not catch all of them. Some self-reactive T cells may escape negative selection and circulate as mature naïve T cells. Therefore, it is possible for mature naïve T cells leaving the thymus to include self-reactive T cells that have not been tolerized against a specific antigen.

Choices:
A: This is incorrect because although negative selection in the thymus eliminates most self-reactive T cells, it does not catch all of them, so some self-reactive T cells may still be present in the mature naïve T cell population.
C: This is incorrect because mature naïve T cells already have the ability to recognize antigens presented by MHC, which is developed in the th

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The physician plans to prescribe trastuzumab (Herceptin) for the patient with breast cancer. What testing will the physician order before prescribing this medication?

  • A. HER2 protein levels
  • B. BRCA2 gene mutation
  • C. BRCA1 gene mutation
  • D. Stage II cancer identification
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Trastuzumab targets HER2-positive breast cancers, so HER2 protein level testing is essential to determine eligibility.

The patient is experiencing fibrosis and glomerulopathy a year after a kidney transplant. Which type of rejection is occurring?

  • A. Acute
  • B. Chronic
  • C. Delayed
  • D. Hyperacute
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Chronic rejection occurs over time and involves fibrosis and structural changes in the transplanted organ.

Which cell type is a sentinel in the tissues and part of the innate immune system?

  • A. T lymphocytes
  • B. Dendritic cells
  • C. B lymphocytes
  • D. Plasma cells
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dendritic cells. Dendritic cells are sentinel cells in tissues that detect pathogens and activate the immune response. They are crucial in initiating adaptive immune responses by presenting antigens to T cells. T lymphocytes (A) are involved in adaptive immunity, not innate immunity. B lymphocytes (C) mature into plasma cells (D) which produce antibodies, but they are not sentinel cells in tissues like dendritic cells.

What is the medical term for an abnormal decrease in red blood cells?

  • A. Leukopenia
  • B. Thrombocytopenia
  • C. Anemia
  • D. Hemolysis
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Anemia. Anemia is the medical term for an abnormal decrease in red blood cells. Red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body, and a decrease in their numbers can lead to symptoms like fatigue, weakness, and paleness.

Rationale:
1. Leukopenia (A) refers to a decrease in white blood cells, not red blood cells.
2. Thrombocytopenia (B) is a decrease in platelets, which are involved in blood clotting, not red blood cells.
3. Hemolysis (D) is the breakdown of red blood cells, not a decrease in their numbers.

In summary, anemia is the correct answer as it specifically describes the condition of low red blood cell count, while the other choices are related to decreases in different components of blood.

One of the most significant factors in determining when to start antiretroviral therapy in a patient with HIV infection is:

  • A. Whether the patient has high levels of HIV antibodies
  • B. Confirmation that the patient has contracted HIV infection
  • C. The patient’s readiness to commit to a complex, lifelong, uncomfortable drug regimen
  • D. Whether the patient has a support system to help manage the costs and side effects of the drugs
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Patient adherence is critical for successful antiretroviral therapy. Ensuring the patient is prepared to follow the regimen long-term improves outcomes.

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