Nokea
McEwen sign is associated with
- A. Hydrocephalus
- B. Myelomeningocele
- C. Microcephaly
- D. Encephalocele
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Myelomeningocele. McEwen sign refers to the characteristic scalloping of the frontal bones due to pressure from the expanding brain in individuals with myelomeningocele. This sign is specific to myelomeningocele and is not associated with hydrocephalus (A), microcephaly (C), or encephalocele (D), which have different clinical manifestations and imaging findings. Myelomeningocele is a neural tube defect where the spinal cord and its coverings protrude through an opening in the spine, leading to neurological deficits and associated signs like McEwen sign.
You may also like to solve these questions
Specific management of moderate pre-eclampsia involves
- A. Admission at first contact
- B. Managing as an outpatient case
- C. Admission in the intensive care unit
- D. Encouraging plenty of oral fluids
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B (Managing as an outpatient case)
Rationale:
1. Moderate pre-eclampsia indicates stable condition.
2. Outpatient management allows close monitoring without hospitalization.
3. Early intervention can prevent progression to severe pre-eclampsia.
4. Hospital admission is reserved for severe cases or complications (not moderate).
5. Encouraging fluids is important, but not the specific management for pre-eclampsia.
Greatly reduced eliminations and red rosy appearance of face are among the features of
- A. Hypothermia neonatorum
- B. Hypoglycemia neonatorum
- C. Hyperthermia neonatorum
- D. Hypocalcemia neonatorum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Certainly! The correct answer is C: Hyperthermia neonatorum. Greatly reduced eliminations and a red rosy appearance of the face are indicative of hyperthermia, which is an elevated body temperature. This condition can lead to dehydration and other complications.
A: Hypothermia neonatorum is characterized by low body temperature, not elevated.
B: Hypoglycemia neonatorum refers to low blood sugar levels, not related to the symptoms mentioned.
D: Hypocalcemia neonatorum is a deficiency of calcium in the blood, not associated with the given features.
In summary, hyperthermia neonatorum is the correct answer due to the specific symptoms presented, while the other choices do not align with the described features.
Mr. Jefferson is a 59-year-old male who presents to the emergency department complaining of severe abdominal pain. His medical history is significant for dyslipidemia, and he takes 40 mgof simvastatin daily. He admits to drinking 6 to 10 bottles of beer nightly and to smoking 1 packs of cigarettes a day. He denies any history of chest pain or cardiovascular disease. He was in his usual state of good health until a couple of hours ago, when he developed this acute onset of severe pain in the upper abdomen. He says that he tried to wait it out at home but it was so bad he finally came in. His vital signs are as follows temperature 99.1F, pulse 129 bpm, respirations 22 breaths per minute, and blood pressure 13784 mm Hg. The abdomen is diffusely tender to palpation with some guarding but no rebound tenderness. The AGACNP anticipates that which of the following laboratory tests will be abnormal?
- A. A complete blood count and RBC differential
- B. Liver function enzymes
- C. Serum amylase, lipase, and glucose
- D. A basic metabolic panel
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: A complete blood count and RBC differential. In this case, Mr. Jefferson presents with severe abdominal pain, which could indicate various conditions like pancreatitis, a possible complication of his heavy drinking. A complete blood count (CBC) with RBC differential can help assess for signs of inflammation or infection, which may be elevated in conditions like pancreatitis. The RBC differential can also provide insights into potential causes of abdominal pain, such as anemia or other blood disorders.
Summary:
- B: Liver function enzymes may be affected in conditions like alcoholic liver disease, but in this case, the focus should be on investigating acute abdominal pain.
- C: Serum amylase, lipase, and glucose are typically checked in cases of suspected pancreatitis, but a CBC with RBC differential would provide a more comprehensive initial assessment.
- D: A basic metabolic panel may not directly address the underlying cause of the acute abdominal pain and is not the most appropriate test to anticipate
Psychosocial adversities are among the predisposing factors of puerperal psychosis.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
- C. -
- D. -
Correct Answer: T
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Puerperal psychosis is a severe mental health condition occurring postpartum.
2. Psychosocial adversities, such as stress or lack of social support, can trigger or exacerbate mental health issues.
3. Therefore, psychosocial adversities can be predisposing factors for puerperal psychosis.
4. Option A (TRUE) is correct as it aligns with the established relationship between psychosocial factors and mental health.
Summary: Option A is correct because psychosocial adversities can indeed contribute to the development of puerperal psychosis, making it a relevant predisposing factor. Options B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not provide any rationale or evidence to support their validity.
Lester R. is a 58-year-old male who is being evaluated for nocturia. He reports that he has to get up 2 to 3 times nightly to void. Additional assessment reveals urinary urgency and appreciable post-void dribbling. A digital rectal examination reveals a normal-sized prostate with no appreciable hypertrophy. The best approach to this patient includes
- A. Administration of the American Urological Association (AUA) Symptom Scale
- B. Laboratory assessment to include a PSA
- C. Ordering a prostate ultrasound
- D. Assessment of nonprostate causes of nocturia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Assessment of nonprostate causes of nocturia. In this case, the patient's symptoms of nocturia, urinary urgency, and post-void dribbling are not indicative of prostate enlargement. Given that the digital rectal examination revealed a normal-sized prostate with no hypertrophy, it is essential to explore other potential causes of nocturia in this patient. By assessing non-prostate causes of nocturia, such as diabetes, urinary tract infection, medication side effects, or sleep disorders, a more accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan can be developed. This approach will lead to better patient outcomes compared to focusing solely on prostate-related evaluations.
Option A: Administration of the AUA Symptom Scale is not the best approach in this case because the patient's symptoms are not primarily related to prostate enlargement.
Option B: Laboratory assessment to include a PSA is not necessary since the digital rectal examination already indicated a normal-sized prostate with no appreciable hypertrophy.
Option C: Ordering a