Nokea
Mental retardation is found in all the following:
- A. Trisomy 21
- B. Morquio syndrome
- C. Homocystinuria
- D. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) is a well-known cause of mental retardation. Morquio syndrome, Homocystinuria, and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome are not typically associated with mental retardation.
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Pulmonary hypertension is a complication of:
- A. ASD
- B. Eisenmenger syndrome
- C. Tricuspid atresia
- D. Tricuspid regurgitation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Eisenmenger syndrome is a well-known cause of pulmonary hypertension. The other options (a-d) can also lead to pulmonary hypertension but are less specific.
Which defect results in increased pulmonary blood flow?
- A. Pulmonic stenosis
- B. Tricuspid atresia
- C. Atrial septal defect
- D. Transposition of the great arteries
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Atrial septal defect results in increased pulmonary blood flow. Blood flows from the left atrium (higher pressure) into the right atrium (lower pressure) and then to the lungs via the pulmonary artery. Pulmonic stenosis is an obstruction to blood flowing from the ventricles. Tricuspid atresia results in decreased pulmonary blood flow. Transposition of the great arteries results in mixed blood flow.
Maltese crosses' are identified in the urinary sediments in
- A. Niemann Pick disease
- B. Gaucher disease
- C. Krabbe's disease
- D. Fabry disease
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fabry disease is characterized by the presence of 'Maltese crosses' in urinary sediments due to glycosphingolipid accumulation.
Toxoplasma gondii infection in humans causes:
- A. Oral ulcers
- B. Cervical lymphadenopathy
- C. Microcephaly
- D. Chorioretinitis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chorioretinitis is a hallmark of congenital toxoplasmosis, leading to vision impairment.
A client returns to the unit following a suprapubic prostatectomy. He has a three-way catheter in place with a continuous bladder irrigation infusing. Which assessment finding warrants immediate intervention by the nurse?
- A. True urinary output of 50ml/hr
- B. Lower abdominal tenderness
- C. Blood urine output with clots
- D. Urine leaking around the meatus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Urine leaking around the meatus may indicate catheter displacement or obstruction, requiring immediate attention to prevent complications.