Nokea
Mental retardation is found in all the following:
- A. Trisomy 21
- B. Morquio syndrome
- C. Homocystinuria
- D. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) is a well-known cause of mental retardation. Morquio syndrome, Homocystinuria, and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome are not typically associated with mental retardation.
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A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) arrives at the clinic reporting shortness of breath on exertion and extreme weakness. Vital signs are temperature 100.4°F (38°C), heart rate 110 beats/minute, respirations 28 breaths/minute, and blood pressure 175/98 mmHg. The client usually receives dialysis three times a week but missed the last treatment. STAT blood specimens are sent to the laboratory for analysis. Which laboratory results should the nurse report to the healthcare provider immediately?
- A. Potassium 6.5 mEq/L (mmol/L)
- B. Potassium 6 mEq/L (mmol/L)
- C. Potassium 0.5 mEq/L (mmol/L)
- D. Potassium 1.5 mEq/L (mmol/L)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Elevated potassium levels in CKD clients can lead to life-threatening arrhythmias, so this result needs immediate intervention.
A 3-year-old child with a fever and sore throat is most likely to have:
- A. Coxsackievirus infection
- B. Tonsillitis
- C. Scarlet fever
- D. Measles
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tonsillitis is a common cause of fever and sore throat in young children and may be viral or bacterial in origin.
The nurse is preparing to administer enoxaparin (Lovenox) 135 mg subcutaneously. The medication is available in a cartridge labeled 150 mg/ml. How many ml should the nurse administer? (enter numeric value only. If rounding is required, round to the nearest tenth.)
- A. 0.9
- B. 1
- C. 9
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The calculation is based on the prescribed dose and the concentration of the medication.
A child has a Glasgow Coma Scale of 3, HR of 88 beats per minute and regular, respiratory rate of 22, BP of 78/52, and blood sugar of 35 mg/dL. The nurse asks the caregiver about accidental ingestion of which drug?
- A. Calcium channel blocker
- B. Beta blocker
- C. ACE inhibitor
- D. ARB
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Beta blockers affect the heart and also block beta receptors in the liver, reducing glycogen release and causing hypoglycemia. The low HR and BP support beta blocker ingestion.
Prior to the patient being given medication, he becomes hypotensive, mottled, and cold. His heart rate is 240. The next therapeutic step should be
- A. digoxin
- B. synchronized DC cardioversion
- C. lidocaine
- D. defibrillation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Synchronized DC cardioversion is indicated for unstable tachycardia unresponsive to pharmacological agents.