Nokea
Metformin (Glucophage) is administered to clients with type II diabetes mellitus. Metformin is an example of:
- A. an antihyperglycemic agent.
- B. a hypoglycemic agent.
- C. an insulin analogue.
- D. a pancreatic alpha cell stimulant.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This antihyperglycemic agent prevents hyperglycemia by reducing hepatic glucose output and decreasing glucose absorption from the gut. A hypoglycemic drug stimulates insulin production. Metformin is not a type of insulin. Metformin is not a stimulant of any pancreatic cell.
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Which of the following vaccines is a live virus?
- A. varicella
- B. IPV
- C. DTaP
- D. hepatitis B
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Varicella is a live virus, as is OPV. IPV is an inactivated polio vaccine.
An example of an extended care facility is a:
- A. home health agency.
- B. suicide prevention center.
- C. state-owned psychiatric hospital.
- D. nursing facility.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When an elderly client has been hospitalized for an illness, under Medicare he or she can be transferred to a nursing facility.
A patient has recently been prescribed Zidovudine (Retrovir). The patient has AIDS. Which of the following side effects should the patient specifically watch out for?
- A. Weakness and SOB
- B. Fever and anemia
- C. Hypertension and SOB
- D. Fever and hypertension
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Anemia and fever are associated with Zidovudine's side effects.
A patient that has delivered a 8.2 lb. baby boy 3 days ago via c-section, reports white patches on her breast that aren't going away. Which of the following medications may be necessary?
- A. Nystatin
- B. Atropine
- C. Amoxil
- D. Loritab
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Thrush, a fungal infection, may be occurring, and Nystatin is an antifungal medication used to treat it.
A day care center has asked the nurse to provide education for parents regarding safety in the home. What type of preventive care does this represent?
- A. primary
- B. secondary
- C. tertiary
- D. health promotion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Primary prevention involves activities that are utilized to promote wellness or prevent illness or injury. There are many dangers in the home for small children. Providing education regarding the need for safety measures to prevent injury in the home is considered primary prevention. Secondary prevention involves early detection of a disease or illness and quick intervention to aid the client in maintenance of the disease or injury. Tertiary prevention involves the reduction of a disability and the promotion of the highest level of functioning for a client in relation to his or her disease or injury. Health promotion is any activity that increases a client's health and wellness.