Nokea
Methaemoglobinaemia may occur as a result of ingestion or exposure to:
- A. Paraquat
- B. Methylene blue
- C. Potassium permanganate
- D. Nitrates
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nitrates, when ingested, can lead to methaemoglobinaemia by converting hemoglobin to methemoglobin, impairing oxygen delivery.
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A nursing action that promotes ideal nutrition in an infant with congestive heart failure (CHF) is:
- A. Feeding formula that is supplemented with additional calories.
- B. Allowing the infant to nurse at each breast for 20 minutes.
- C. Providing large feedings every 5 hours.
- D. Using firm nipples with small openings to slow feedings.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Supplementing formula with extra calories increases the caloric density to support growth in infants with CHF.
The treatment of the patient is best performed by which methods (Select one that doesn't apply)?
- A. Intravenous indomethacin
- B. Surgical closure
- C. Catheter coil closure
- D. Digoxin until the PDA closes spontaneously
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Indomethacin, surgical closure, and catheter coil closure are standard treatments for patent ductus arteriosus.
What are the four structural heart anomalies that make up the tetralogy of Fallot? (Select the four that apply.)
- A. Hypertrophied right ventricle
- B. Patent ductus arteriosus
- C. Ventral septal defect
- D. Narrowing of pulmonary artery
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The four anomalies that comprise tetralogy of Fallot are hypertrophied right ventricle, patent ductus arteriosus, stenosis of pulmonary artery, and dextroposition of the aorta.
Which among the following is a systolic event?
- A. E wave
- B. L wave
- C. A wave
- D. S' wave
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: S' wave is a systolic event observed in echocardiography.
The aminoacid used in the treatment of hyperammonemia due to certain urea cycle disorders is
- A. Leucine
- B. Valine
- C. Arginine
- D. Isoleucine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Arginine is used in the treatment of hyperammonemia due to urea cycle disorders, as it helps in the detoxification of ammonia.