Nokea
Methaemoglobinaemia may occur as a result of ingestion or exposure to:
- A. Paraquat
- B. Methylene blue
- C. Potassium permanganate
- D. Nitrates
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nitrates, when ingested, can lead to methaemoglobinaemia by converting hemoglobin to methemoglobin, impairing oxygen delivery.
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List THREE major criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis.
- A. Persistently positive blood cultures
- B. Echo evidence positive for IE
- C. New valvar regurgitation
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The major criteria are critical for diagnosing infective endocarditis based on clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic findings.
What associated manifestation might the nurse occasionally find in a child diagnosed with Wilms tumor?
- A. Atrial fibrillation
- B. Hypertension
- C. Endocarditis
- D. Hyperlipidemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Wilms tumor, due to its location in the kidney, can be associated with secondary hypertension.
The following are major side effects of PGE1 EXCEPT
- A. apnea
- B. fever
- C. cutaneous flushing
- D. hypertension
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cutaneous flushing is a common side effect of PGE1, while hypertension is not typically observed.
Management of thalassaemia includes:
- A. Whole blood transfusions
- B. Pneumovax
- C. Bone marrow transplant
- D. Penicillin V prophylaxis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because bone marrow transplant is a curative treatment for thalassaemia. The other options (a, b, d, e) are supportive treatments but not curative.
An infant with congestive heart failure is receiving digoxin (Lanoxin). What does the nurse recognize as a sign of digoxin toxicity?
- A. Restlessness
- B. Decreased respiratory rate
- C. Increased urinary output
- D. Vomiting
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Symptoms of digoxin toxicity include nausea, vomiting, anorexia, irregularity in pulse rate and rhythm, and a sudden change in pulse.