Nokea
Micelle formation is necessary for the intestinal absorption of
- A. Galactose
- B. Vitamin B12
- C. Vitamin D
- D. Bile salts
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Micelles, formed by bile salts, facilitate the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins like vitamin D in the small intestine.
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The terminal portion of the small intestine is the:
- A. ileum
- B. cecum
- C. duodenum
- D. jejunum
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The ileum is the final section of the small intestine, connecting to the large intestine.
A client with an elevated amylase level asks the nurse about the altered value. The nurse bases a response on knowledge that amylase:
- A. Is an enzyme from the pancreas needed for carbohydrate digestion
- B. Plays no significant role in physiological processes
- C. Is an enzyme from the pancreas needed for fat digestion
- D. Is an enzyme from the pancreas that is the major component of bile
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Amylase, produced by the pancreas, digests carbohydrates into sugars.
Peptide hormones are made of protein and are water soluble. They can therefore:
- A. Pass straight through the lipid bilayer and react with other molecules inside the cell
- B. React to a specific binding site on the outside of the membrane and create a secondary response
- C. Pass through a protein channel to the inside of the cell and then react with other molecules inside the cell
- D. Don't react with anything on the membrane or in the cell but cause their effect by other processes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Peptide hormones bind to membrane receptors, triggering secondary messengers inside the cell.
In which order do these events occur in human nutrition?
- A. digestion→ ingestion→ absorption→ assimilation
- B. digestion→ ingestion→ assimilation→ absorption
- C. ingestion→ digestion→ absorption→ assimilation
- D. ingestion→ digestion→ assimilation→ absorption
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Food is first ingested, then digested, absorbed into the bloodstream, and finally assimilated into cells.
How many nephrons are found in each kidney?
- A. approximately one hundred
- B. approximately one thousand
- C. approximately one million
- D. approximately ten million
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Each kidney contains about one million nephrons, the functional units for filtration.