Jarvis Physical Examination and Health Assessment 9th Edition Test Bank

Jarvis Physical Examination and Health Assessment 9th Edition Test Bank Related

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Monique is a 33-year-old administrative assistant who has had intermittent lower abdominal pain approximately one week a month for the past year. It is not related to her menses. She notes relief with defecation, and a change in form and frequency of her bowel movements with these episodes. Which of the following is most likely?

  • A. Colon cancer
  • B. Cholecystitis
  • C. Inflammatory bowel disease
  • D. Irritable bowel syndrome
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Monique's symptoms of lower abdominal pain relieved by defecation, change in bowel movements' form and frequency, and absence of menses-related pain align with IBS criteria. IBS is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. It is a diagnosis of exclusion, meaning other conditions must be ruled out.

Choice A: Colon cancer is less likely due to Monique's age, absence of alarming symptoms like weight loss or blood in stool, and the intermittent nature of her symptoms.
Choice B: Cholecystitis typically presents with right upper quadrant pain, nausea, and vomiting, which do not match Monique's symptoms.
Choice C: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) usually presents with persistent symptoms, blood in stool, and systemic signs, which are not seen in Monique's case.

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Which of the following anatomic landmark associations is correct?

  • A. 2nd intercostal space for needle insertion in tension pneumothorax
  • B. T6 for lower margin of endotracheal tube
  • C. Sternal angle marks the 4th rib
  • D. 5th intercostal space for chest tube insertion
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the 5th intercostal space is the recommended location for chest tube insertion to drain the pleural space effectively. This space is ideal as it allows for adequate drainage without causing injury to vital structures.

A: The 2nd intercostal space is actually used for needle decompression in tension pneumothorax.
B: T6 is the level at which the tip of the endotracheal tube should ideally lie to ensure proper placement and ventilation.
C: The sternal angle corresponds to the 2nd rib, not the 4th rib, making this association incorrect.

In summary, choice D is correct as it aligns with the standard practice for chest tube insertion, while choices A, B, and C are incorrect due to their association with different anatomic landmarks and procedures.

Which is a true statement about varicose veins?

  • A. They are due to congenital valve deformities
  • B. They are usually diagnosed on clinical presentation
  • C. They are not affected by pregnancy
  • D. They are more symptomatic during ovulation
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because varicose veins are usually diagnosed based on clinical presentation, such as visible, bulging veins and symptoms like pain or swelling. This is because varicose veins are often easily visible and cause noticeable symptoms.

A: Varicose veins are not typically due to congenital valve deformities but rather develop over time due to weakened vein walls and valves.
C: Varicose veins can be affected by pregnancy due to hormonal changes and increased pressure on the veins.
D: Varicose veins may not necessarily be more symptomatic during ovulation; symptoms can vary based on individual factors.

A 12-year-old presents to the clinic with his father for evaluation of a painful lump in the left eye. It started this morning. He denies any trauma or injury. There is no visual disturbance. Upon physical examination, there is a red raised area at the margin of the eyelid that is tender to palpation; no tearing occurs with palpation of the lesion. Based on this description, what is the most likely diagnosis?

  • A. Dacryocystitis
  • B. Chalazion
  • C. Hordeolum
  • D. Xanthelasma
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hordeolum. A hordeolum, also known as a stye, presents as a red raised tender area at the margin of the eyelid. In this case, the absence of tearing upon palpation of the lesion suggests it is localized to the eyelid itself. Dacryocystitis (choice A) involves the lacrimal sac and would present with tearing. A chalazion (choice B) is a painless nodule on the eyelid, unlike the tender lesion described here. Xanthelasma (choice D) is characterized by yellowish plaques on the eyelids, not a red raised tender area.

A patient with bulimia is likely to be:

  • A. Very overweight
  • B. Very underweight
  • C. Of average weight
  • D. Not concerned with weight
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Of average weight. Patients with bulimia often maintain a normal weight or fluctuate between weight extremes due to their binge-eating and compensatory behaviors. They may engage in purging to counteract the effects of binge eating, preventing significant weight gain. Choice A is incorrect as bulimia is not typically associated with being very overweight. Choice B is incorrect as individuals with bulimia can have a normal or slightly underweight body weight. Choice D is incorrect as individuals with bulimia are often preoccupied with weight and body image.

Which scientist is credited with the discovery of X-rays, and in what year did this discovery occur?

  • A. Marie Curie in 1903
  • B. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen in 1895
  • C. Thomas Edison in 1896
  • D. Albert Einstein in 1905
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen in 1895. Roentgen discovered X-rays by accident while experimenting with cathode rays. He noticed a glow from a nearby screen even though it was covered, leading to the discovery of X-rays. Marie Curie is known for her work on radioactivity, not X-rays. Thomas Edison is famous for inventing the light bulb and phonograph, not X-rays. Albert Einstein is known for his work on the theory of relativity, not the discovery of X-rays.

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