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Most common cause of Cushing syndrome in children is:
- A. Adrenal tumor
- B. Pituitary adenoma
- C. Exogenous steroids
- D. Ectopic ACTH syndrome
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Exogenous steroids are the most common cause of Cushing syndrome in children, per AAP (doc p150, Q590).
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A newborn appears with abdominal distension and bilious vomiting. Abdominal x-ray reveals a double bubble sign. Most likely diagnosis is:
- A. Pyloric stenosis
- B. Duodenal atresia
- C. Hirschsprung disease
- D. Meconium ileus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Duodenal atresia shows a double bubble sign with bilious vomiting, per AAP. A, C-E have different presentations.
The best growth chart indicator in patients with acute malnutrition is:
- A. Body mass index (BMI)
- B. Body weight
- C. Weight-for-height
- D. Head circumference
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Weight-for-height best detects acute malnutrition (wasting), per WHO. BMI is less specific in kids, and B-D assess other aspects.
A 3-year-old with a burn should avoid
- A. Breaking blisters
- B. Infection
- C. Pain
- D. Swelling
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Breaking blisters A increases infection risk, per document p42, 3.
A 3-year-old girl presents with recurrent ear infections and speech delay. Audiometry shows conductive hearing loss. Most likely diagnosis is:
- A. Sensorineural hearing loss
- B. Otitis media with effusion
- C. Cholesteatoma
- D. Mastoiditis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: OME causes conductive loss post-infections, per AAP. A, C-E differ.
A 19-year-old pregnant mother likes all-night dance parties. She took methylenedioxymetamphetamine (MDMA 'X', Ecstasy) routinely before and during pregnancy. The most likely fetal defect is:
- A. Pulmonary
- B. Gastrointestinal
- C. CNS
- D. Cardiac
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: MDMA use in pregnancy is linked to cardiac defects , like septal defects, per studies (Teratology). A-C, E are less specific.